astuteness的中文解释
沪江词库精选astuteness是什么意思、英语单词推荐、用法及解释、中英文句子翻译、英音发音音标、美音发音音标。
英音 [ ?s'tju:tnis ] ； 美音 [ ?s'tju:tnis ] 名词 机敏,精明
词形变化：副词：；名词：。
同义词：，，；，，，。
An astute and politic statesman
一个老谋深算的政治家
It was a pretty astute deduction.
那是一个颇为敏锐的推论。
That was what Ada Quonsetf astutely intended
这正是艾达?昆赛脱狡狯之处。
An astute lawyer,businessman,judge of character,etc
干练的律师,精明的商人,知人之明
A politically active,astute,nave,etc person
政治上很活跃、很精明、很幼稚...的人
Astute salesmen know how to invest emotionally.
精明的商人懂得如何感情投资。
That was a very astute observation. I shall heed it
这段评语很敏锐，今后我得注意才是。
Young Singaporeans seem to lack the astuteness and dynamism that they possess
本地的一般年轻人似乎就缺少了那份机灵和朝气。
Young Singaporeans seem to lack the astuteness and dynamism that they possess.
新加坡年轻人似乎就缺少了那份机灵和朝气。
Ralph is equally astute in machinery and crop management.
拉尔夫在作物和机械经营方面都同样聪明。
intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)
the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into ideas
ad. 机敏地;伶俐地;狡猾地
adj. 精明的；狡猾的
adj.（通常做表语）
adv. 趾高气扬地，大摇大摆地
天体视向速度仪
宇宙飞行器
阿斯特罗特夫尼龙草皮
2016astuteness是什么意思由沪江网提供。Chapter 4. Point operationsChapter 4. Point operations
“He told him, point for point, in short and plain.”
--Chaucher
The simplest image filters are point operations, where the new value of
a pixel are only determined by the original value of that single pixel
Thresholding an image is the process of making all pixels above a certain
threshold level white, others black.
Figure 4.1. thresholdfunction threshold_transform(value, level)
if value&level then
function threshold_get_value(x,y,level)
value = get_value(x,y)
return threshold_transform(value,level)
function threshold(level)
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_value (x,y, threshold_get_value(x,y,level))
progress(y/height)
threshold(0.5)
and other examples for point
operations, there is more code than strictly neccesary to implement
the effect. The additional structuring and modularization of the code
is meant to make the actual transformation of the pixel values easier
to see seperated from the loops and details of dealing with the pixel
Brightness
When changing the brightness of an image, a constant is added
or subtracted from the luminnance of all sample values. This
is equivalent to shifting the contents of the histogram left (subtraction)
or right (addition).
new_value = old_value + brightness
The goal of the code in
a constant amount of light to the sample value in each position in the
image raster.
Figure 4.2. brightnessfunction add_transform(value, shift)
return value+shift
function add_get_value(x,y,shift)
value = get_value(x,y)
return add_transform(value,shift)
function add(shift)
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_value (x,y, add_get_value(x,y,shift))
progress(y/height)
Figure 4.3. brightness subtractionfunction add_transform(value, shift)
return value+shift
function add_get_value(x,y,shift)
value = get_value(x,y)
return add_transform(value,shift)
function add(shift)
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_value (x,y, add_get_value(x,y,shift))
progress(y/height)
function subtract(shift)
add(-shift)
subtract(0.25)
Changing the contrast of an image, changes the range of luminance
values present. Visualized in the histogram it is equivalent to
expanding or compressing the histogram around the midpoint value.
Mathematically it is expressed as:
new_value = (old_value - 0.5) × contrast + 0.5
Figure 4.4. contrastfunction mul_transform(value, factor)
return (value-0.5)*factor + 0.5
function mul_get_value(x,y,factor)
value = get_value(x,y)
return mul_transform(value,factor)
function mul(factor)
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_value (x,y, mul_get_value(x,y,factor))
progress(y/height)
The subtraction and addition of 0.5 is to center the expansion/compression of
the range around 50% gray.
Specifying a value above 1.0 will increase the contrast by making bright samples
brighter and dark samples darker thus expanding on the range used. While a value
below 1.0 will do the opposite and reduce use a smaller range of sample values.
Brightness + Contrast
It is common to bundle brightness and control in a single
operations, the mathematical formula then becomes:
new_value = (old_value - 0.5) × contrast + 0.5 + brightnessFigure 4.5. brightness and contrastfunction transform(value, brightness, contrast)
return (value-0.5)*contrast+0.5+brightness
function transform_rgb(r,g,b, brightness, contrast)
return transform(r, brightness, contrast), transform(g, brightness, contrast), transform(b, brightness, contrast)
function bcontrast_get_rgb(x,y,brightness, contrast)
r,g,b=get_rgb(x,y)
return transform_rgb(r,g,b, brightness, contrast)
function bcontrast(brightness, contrast)
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_rgb(x,y, bcontrast_get_rgb(x,y,brightness,contrast))
bcontrast(0.25, 2.0)
Inverting the sample values in the image, produces the same image that
would be found in a film negative.
Figure 4.6. invertfunction invert_value(value)
return 1.0-value
function invert_rgb(r,g,b)
return invert_value(r),
invert_value(g),
invert_value(b)
function invert_get_rgb(x,y)
r,g,b=get_rgb(x,y)
return invert_rgb(r,g,b)
function invert()
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_rgb(x,y, invert_get_rgb(x,y))
A CRT monitor doesn't have a linear correspondence between the voltage
sent to the electron guns and the brightness shown. The relationship is
closely modelled by a powerfunction i.e.
display_intensity=pixel_valuegamma. To correct
an image for display, assuming the monitor doesn't already have global
corrections in place. Will involve applying the function
new_value=old_value1.0-gamma.
Figure 4.7. gammafunction gamma_transform(value, param)
return value^param
function gamma_get_value(x,y,param)
value = get_value(x,y)
return gamma_transform(value,param)
function gamma(param)
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_value (x,y, gamma_get_value(x,y,param))
progress(y/height)
gamma(1.5)
The levels tool found in many image processing packages is
in it's simplest form just a different way to adjust brightness/
Figure 4.8. The GIMP's levels tool
The parameters found in levels tools are in the order of spatial
placement in dialogs like :
input blacklevelinput whiteleveloutput blackleveloutput whitelevelgamma correction
Figure 4.9. levels
function levels_value(value, in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max)
-- normalize
value = (value-in_min) / (in_max-in_min)
-- transform gamma
value = value^gamma
-- rescale range
return value * (out_max-out_min) + out_min
function levels_rgb(r,g,b, in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max)
return levels_value(r, in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max),
levels_value(g, in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max),
levels_value(b, in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max)
function levels_get_rgb(x,y, in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max)
r,g,b=get_rgb(x,y)
return levels_rgb(r,g,b, in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max)
function levels(in_min, gamma, in_max, out_min, out_max)
for y=0, height-1 do
for x=0, width-1 do
set_rgb(x,y, levels_get_rgb(x,y,
in_min, gamma, in_max,
levels(0.2, 1.2, 0.8,
CurvesFigure 4.10. The GIMP's curves tool
A curves filter is a filter providing the user with a free form
transformation of the grayscale values in an image.
The view is a plot of the function f(x) of the transform applied,
this means that the darkest values in the image are on rthe left,
and the brightest on the right. The resulting value for an original
value is the y value.
A diagnoal line from lower left to upper right indicates no transformation.
A horizontal line, means all pixels get the same value, along the
bottom black, and along the top white.
The transform indicated in
makes most values in the image darker, but allocates a larger
portion of the values available to the brightest portion of the
scale. This could be used to see more detail in for instance
the sky in a photograph.
Lookup tables
As can be observed in the code examples given in this chapter, there
is direct mapping between input pixel values and output pixel values
for point process operations.
When dealing with 8bit images, the number of input and output values
are greatly reduced, if the processing taking place within the
transform is expensive, having a precalculated table for all input
values is a common optimizations, this is called a LookUpTable (LUT).
When the sample values stored are 16bit the advantage of a lookup
table is still present since the number of entries is 65536, but when
moving to 32bit floating point, the number of precalculated values
needed is exceedingly large.
Excercises
These exercies are not just exercies for the point operation topic,
but intended as initial experiments with the gluas framework.
1. Exchange Red and Green
Write a gluas program that exchanges the red and green component
of all pixels in an image.
Is this a point operation?
2. Value boost
Create a program performing the transformation in
3. Checkerboard
Create a program that draws a 8x8 checker board on top of the
existing image. The checker board should be black and white,
square, cover as large area as possible and be centered on
the image.
4. Position dependent contrast
Create a program that has a linearly increasing contrast applied to
it. So that the leftmost column of the raster has a contrast of 0.0
applied to it, and the rightmost column of the raster has a contrast
of 2.0 applied to it.
Is this a point operation?当前位置： &
homelessness是什么意思
中文翻译英英解释百科解释无家可归者详细百科解释
例句与用法No war on homelessness . you know why没有“帮助露宿者”的斗争,知道其中原因吗Hunger and homelessness are dangers to humanity饥饿和无家可归人类面临的危险。 If you could find a solution to homelessness ,如果你能想到一个帮助露宿者的方法Helping homelessness stragies in the united kingdom英国无家可归者的救助政策Help with housing and homelessness提供住房帮助和成为无家可归者Change the name of it . it ' s not homelessness . it ' s houselessness就是改变称呼.不叫无家可归者,而叫无屋者But did you ever notice , we got no war on homelessness , huh但你们有没有留意到,我们没有“帮助露宿者”的斗争I got an idea about homelessness . you know what they ought to do我想到露宿者可以怎么做了.你知道他们应该做些什么吗In 2004 , the karma for homelessness , poverty and hunger shall be released在2004年，无家可归、贫穷和饥饿的业力将被释放。 For a growing number of young people , homelessness is becoming a way of life对日渐成长的年轻族群，四海为家是生活的方式之一。 更多例句：&&1&&&&&&&&
相邻词汇热门词汇
homelessness的中文翻译，homelessness是什么意思，怎么用汉语翻译homelessness，homelessness的中文意思，发音，例句，用法和解释由查查在线词典提供，版权所有违者必究。
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All rights reservedpertinaciousness是什么意思
沪江词库精选pertinaciousness是什么意思、英语单词推荐、中英文句子翻译、英音发音音标、美音发音音标。
英音 [ p?:ti'nei??snis ] ； 美音 [ p?:ti'nei??snis ] 名词 执拗顽固
词形变化：副词：；名词：。
I can affirm that he is tenacious and pertinacious as are few
我可以肯定，像他那样不屈不挠、百折不回的人是十分罕见的。
His style of argument in meetings is not so much aggressive as pertinacious.
他在会议上的辩论态度并非锋芒逼人而是坚持己见.
ad. 执拗地;顽固地
a. 执拗的,顽固的,顽强的
淡钠二长岩
v.[I] 存在；适用
a. 无礼的,爱管闲事的,鲁莽的,活跃的,辛辣的,别致的
2016pertinaciousness是什么意思由沪江网提供。banefulness的中文解释
沪江词库精选banefulness是什么意思、英语单词推荐、中英文句子翻译、英音发音音标、美音发音音标。
英音 [ 'beinfulnis ] ； 美音 [ 'beinfulnis ] 名词 有害的有毒的
A baneful influence
有害的影响.
The bane of preemptive action is the impossibility of proving it was necessary.
先发制人论者的致命弱点在于无法证明其行动的必要性。
University reform had long been his bugbear, and now was his bane.
大学改革早就是使他头痛的事情，如今更成为他的祸害了。
avarice is a bane to happiness
贪婪是损毁幸福的祸根。
Avarice is a bane to happiness.
贪婪是损毁幸福的祸根。
Baneful effects of their foreign policy.
他们对外政策的致命结果。
His baneful influence was feared by all
人们都担心他所造成的有害影响。
His baneful influence was feared by all.
人们都担心他所造成的有害影响。
A swine over fat is the cause of his own bane.
猪死都因身过肥。
University reform had long been his bugbear, and now was his bane
大学改革早就是使他头痛的事情，如今更成为他的祸害了。
ad. 有害地;有毒地
a. 有害的,使人苦恼的
n. 一种有毒植物,此种植物的果实
n. 毒药,灭亡的原因,灭亡,祸根
a. 膝向外曲的,弯脚的
2016banefulness是什么意思由沪江网提供。}