服务器是什么牌子的和配置不太清楚，反正叫做 强氧服务器，噪音很大，靠近后，嗡嗡嗡的，我头都晕了。
安装centos6.4 x64的系统，出现了switching clocksource tsc ，必须等待9分钟才会继续启动，这个必须解决，否则以后重启下都要十几分钟，痛苦的。
&搜索下 clocksource tsc，一个链接：
很多像我一样喜欢换OS的同学肯定对这个不陌生了，特别是amd+ati组合的人经常碰到。archlinux,ubuntu,fedora,debian等，一些版本在安装的时候就卡在这个地方不动了。有些&高手&会指导你在kernel这一行加上&acpi=off" 就可以继续了。但是，不久你会发现。自己的电脑不能像win那样关机了。硬盘不动了，可电源还在响着呢。
呵呵，为什么呢？下边给你段E文：The tsc clock source keeps getting marked unstable and falls back to using acpi_pm on kernel 2.6.21.3. This is directly linked to using cpu frequencing scaling. If I leave default governer as performace is fine, second I set to ondemand or anything the changes the current frequency the unstable msg appears.
看懂了没？其实我也没完全懂.
好啦，还是看看怎么办吧！
先看看你还有别的可替代品没？
cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource
我的OS就显示了几个： hpet acpi_pm jiffies tsc
然后在grub的kernel 行指定该管理器：一般是选这个： clocksource=acpi_pm
试试，现在不是可以啦？
试了一下，没有解决问题，还是需要等待，现在yum update 更新下kernel 看看新的kernel会不会解决这个问题，照样。反正 centos 6.0 i386没这个问题（除了最新的centos，其他都找不到地方下载了。）
换成了centos6.0 i386的dvd，开机出现Probing EDD (edd=off to disable)。。。 卡住了，只需要在kernel参数后面加上 edd=off ，按照提示去做，前面的问题都没有提示，真是太恶心了，但是我没x64的系统，我想还是安装64位的比较好。现在6.3 http://mirror.team-cymru.org/CentOS/6.3/isos/x86_64/ 还可以下载，其他的mirrors都无法下载了。。
&update：现在是，换成了centos6.3&x64 升级到6.4后继续使用6.3的内核，6.4的内核全部都是这个switching clocksource tsc 疑难杂症。
看下面的 第一个是6.3的内核kernel-2.6.32-279，第二个是6.4的kernel 2.6.32-358.6.1 我反正是不会选择第二个的，要等十分钟才能启动开啊，服务器本来就启动比PC慢些的。
title CentOS (2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64) noquiet
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=23c8d059-e3e9-42f7-8b7a-80c228bd5af1 nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS
KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_MD_UUID=77e398:e9cc97 crashkernel=128M LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rd_MD_UUID=db05fb86:a881ac62:bd5c0d rhgb
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS (2.6.32-358.6.1.el6.x86_64) clocksource tsc ERROR
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.6.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=23c8d059-e3e9-42f7-8b7a-80c228bd5af1 nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS
KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_MD_UUID=77e398:e9cc97 crashkernel=auto LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rd_MD_UUID=db05fb86:a881ac62:bd5c0d rhgb
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-358.6.1.el6.x86_64.img
centos 6.3的内核下，我查看了系统的
cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource
为hpet tsc acpi_pm，current_clocksource显示的是tsc。看来这台服务器就是要tsc的clocksource，我设置kernel参数 clocksource=hpet等参数都不管用。&
对了再说下centos系统 安装方法，一搜索很多的，因为其安装方法很久都没变化过了。
* 光盘安装 不再说了，没难度。
*&硬盘安装 ，需要复制 isolinux/kernel 和initrd.gz 到 你的某个分区，然后使用grub或grub4dos来引导者两个就可以了，kernel后面加上askmethod就可以了【如果gui显示不正确，加上参数xdriver=vesa nomodeset。这样就是Install system with ^basic video driver了】。 重要的是，后面会加载images/install.img文件，这个可以提取到fat32分区【centos安装程序不支持ntfs，所以不能放到ntfs分区下，真是恶心，old。】，也可以在线安装，通过另外一台电脑架设的的ftp服务器就可以了，centos安装程序后面会提示选择，选择url，输入ftp中images所在目录就可以进行下一步安装了。
使用ftp安装 这里是很方便，但是后面还是会提示找不到软件源，只能输入&&这种地址了，这个里面的内容我看起来就是光盘的内容啊。真是郁闷，我架设的ftp怎么就不可以了呢？其实这里已经是网络安装了，只是软件源选择不同了。
当然可以把iso未改名的，放到fat32分区下，images也放入fat32分区下，安装程序会搜索images的所在目录的iso的，后面才可以真正的硬盘安装，但是我都不用fat32分区了的。U盘倒是可以，就是太慢了。
* Nfs安装，跟ftp差不多了吧，没试过nfs服务。&
&配置XManager客户端连接需要的XDMCP服务
============================
&1.检查 是否安装 X Windows System，init 5 /startx 可以启动，说明没问题，还要安装 gnome desktop enviroment，或者 kde desktop 。【yum groupinstall **** 就可以批量安装了，爽快】
&2.修改 /etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config，加上感叹号是注释，吧requestPort:0注释掉，至于为什么，不知道。
! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests
! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm
!###################
!DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
!####################
3.修改/etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess&
#any host can get a login window
* CHOOSER BROADCAST #any indirect host can get a chooser
第二个应该是自动广播的意思，这样子，XManager不需要配置，就会自动出现你的linux的xdmcp query了。
4.修改 gdm或者 kdm 的 xdmcp配置【关键】
xdm应该没有这个配置，gdm或kdm才有，至于当前系统是gdm还是kdm，从那个配置文件查看，修改，我也不知道，查找中。有哪一个，就修改那个了。
/etc/gdm/custom.conf
# GDM configuration storage
[security]
AllowRemoteRoot=true
Enable=true
我的安装好后，里面没内容，不知道为什么，我就添加了上面的三行。另外 究竟是/etc/gdm/custom.conf 还是gdm.conf我也不知道，我只是做了个链接 ln -s custom.conf gdm.conf
vim /etc/kde/kdm/kdmrc
# KDM master configuration file
# Definition: the greeter is the login dialog, i.e., the part of KDM
# which the user sees.
# You can configure every X-display individually.
# Every display has a display name, which consists of a host name
# (which is empty for local displays specified in {Static|Reserve}Servers),
# a colon, and a display number. Additionally, a display belongs to a
# display class (which can be ignored in the control center
# does not support this feature at all).
# Sections with display-specific settings have the formal syntax
# "[X-" host [":" number [ "_" class ]] "-" sub-section "]"
# You can use the "*" wildcard for host, number, and class. You may omit
# they are assumed to be "*" then.
# The host part may be a domain specification like ".inf.tu-dresden.de".
# It may also be "+", which means non-empty, i.e. remote displays only.
# From which section a setting is actually taken is determined by these
# - an exact match takes precedence over a partial match (for the host part),
which in turn takes precedence over a wildcard ("+" taking precedence
# - precedence decreases from left to right for equally exact matches
# Example: display name "myhost:0", class "dpy".
# [X-myhost:0_dpy] precedes
# [X-myhost:0_*] (same as [X-myhost:0]) precedes
# [X-myhost:*_dpy] precedes
# [X-myhost:*_*] (same as [X-myhost]) precedes
# [X-+:0_dpy] precedes
# [X-*:0_dpy] precedes
# [X-*:0_*] (same as [X-*:0]) precedes
# [X-*:*_*] (same as [X-*])
# These sections do NOT match this display:
# [X-hishost], [X-myhost:0_dec], [X-*:1], [X-:*]
# If a setting is not found in any matching section, the default is used.
# Every comment applies to the following section or key. Note that all
# comments will be lost if you change this file with the kcontrol frontend.
# The defaults refer to KDM's built-in values, not anything set in this file.
# Special characters need to be backslash-escaped (leading and trailing
# spaces (\s), tab (\t), linefeed (\n), carriage return (\r) and the
# backslash itself (\\)).
# In lists, fields are separated with commas without whitespace in between.
# Some command strings are subject to simplified sh-style word splitting:
# single quotes (') and double quotes (") ha the backslash
# quotes everything (not only special characters). Note that the backslashes
# need to be doubled because of the two levels of quoting.
# This option exists solely for the purpose of a clean automatic upgrade.
# Do not even think about changing it!
ConfigVersion=2.3
# List of permanent displays. Displays with a hostname are foreign. A display
# class may be specified separated by an underscore.
# Default is ":0"
StaticServers=:0
# List of on-demand displays. See StaticServers for syntax.
# Default is ""
ReserveServers=:1,:2,:3
# VTs to allocate to X-servers. A negative number means that the VT will be
# used only if it is free. If all VTs in this list are used up, the next free
# one greater than the last one in this list will be allocated.
# Default is ""
ServerVTs=-1
# TTYs (without /dev/) to monitor for activity while in console mode.
# Default is ""
ConsoleTTYs=tty1,tty2,tty3,tty4,tty5,tty6
# Where KDM should store its PID (do not store if empty).
# Default is ""
PidFile=/var/run/kdm/kdm.pid
# Whether KDM should lock the PID file to prevent having multiple KDM
# instances running at once. Do not change unless you are brave.
# Default is true
#LockPidFile=false
# Where to store authorization files.
# Default is "/var/run/xauth"
AuthDir=/var/run/kdm
# Whether KDM should automatically re-read configuration files, if it
# finds them having changed.
# Default is true
#AutoRescan=false
# Additional environment variables KDM should pass on to all programs it runs.
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH and XCURSOR_THEME
# otherwise, it should not be necessary very often.
# Default is ""
#ExportList=LD_LIBRARY_PATH,ANOTHER_IMPORTANT_VAR
# A character device KDM should read entropy from.
# Empty means use the system's preferred entropy device.
# Default is ""
#RandomDevice=/dev/altrandom
# Where the command FiF make it empty to disable
# Default is "/var/run/xdmctl"
#FifoDir=/tmp
# The group to which the global command FiF
# can be either a name or a numerical ID.
# Default is 0
#FifoGroup=xdmctl
# The directory in which KDM should store persistent working data.
# Default is "/var/lib/kdm"
# The directory in which KDM should store users' .dmrc files. This is only
# needed if the home directories are not readable before actually logging in
# (like with AFS).
# Default is ""
#DmrcDir=/nfs-shared/var/dmrcs
# Whether KDM should listen to incoming XDMCP requests.
Default is true
Enable=true
# The UDP port on which KDM should listen for XDMCP requests. Do not change.
# Default is 177
# File with the private keys of X-terminals. Required for XDM authentication.
# Default is ""
#KeyFile=/usr/share/config/kdm/kdmkeys
# XDMCP access control file in the usual XDM-Xaccess format.
# Default is "/usr/share/config/kdm/Xaccess"
Xaccess=/etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess
# Number of seconds to wait for display to respond after the user has
# selected a host from the chooser.
# Default is 15
#ChoiceTimeout=10
# Strip domain name from remote display names if it is equal to the local
# Default is true
#RemoveDomainname=false
# Use the numeric IP address of the incoming connection on multihomed hosts
# instead of the host name.
# Default is false
#SourceAddress=true
# The program which is invoked to dynamically generate replies to XDMCP
# DirectQuery or BroadcastQuery requests.
# If empty, no program is invoked and "Willing to manage" is sent.
# Default is ""
Willing=/etc/X11/xdm/Xwilling
[Shutdown]
# The command (subject to word splitting) to run to halt the system.
# Default is "/sbin/halt"
HaltCmd=/sbin/poweroff
# The command (subject to word splitting) to run to reboot the system.
# Default is "/sbin/reboot"
#RebootCmd=
# Whether it is allowed to shut down the system via the global command FiFo.
# Default is false
#AllowFifo=true
# Whether it is allowed to abort active sessions when shutting down the
# system via the global command FiFo.
# Default is true
#AllowFifoNow=false
# The boot manager KDM should use for offering boot options in the
# shutdown dialog.
# "None" - no boot manager
# "Grub" - Grub boot manager
# "Lilo" - Lilo boot manager (Linux on i386 & x86-64 only)
# Default is None
BootManager=None
# Rough estimations about how many seconds KDM will spend at most on
# - opening a connection to the X-server (OpenTime) if the attempt
- times out: OpenTimeout
- is refused: OpenRepeat * OpenDelay
# - starting a local X-server (ServerTime):
ServerAttempts * (ServerTimeout + OpenDelay)
# - starting a display:
- local display: ServerTime + OpenTime
- foreign display: StartAttempts * OpenTime
- XDMCP display: OpenTime (repeated indefinitely by client)
# Core config for all displays
[X-*-Core]
# How long to wait before retrying to connect a display.
# Default is 15
#OpenDelay=15
# How long to wait before timing out a display connection attempt.
# Default is 120
#OpenTimeout=120
# How many connection attempts to make during a start attempt. Note that
# a timeout aborts the entire start attempt.
# Default is 5
#OpenRepeat=5
# Try at most that many times to start a display. If this fails, the display
# is disabled.
# Default is 4
#StartAttempts=4
# Ping remote display every that many minutes.
# Default is 5
#PingInterval=5
# Wait for a Pong that many minutes.
# Default is 5
#PingTimeout=5
# The name of this X-server's Xauth file.
# If empty, a random name in the AuthDir directory will be used.
# Default is ""
#AuthFile=
# Specify a file with X-resources for the greeter, chooser and background.
# The KDE frontend does not use this file, so you do not need it unless you
# use another background generator than krootimage.
# Default is ""
Resources=/etc/X11/xdm/Xresources
# The xrdb program to use to read the above specified recources.
# Subject to word splitting.
# Default is "/usr/X11R6/bin/xrdb" or "/usr/bin/xrdb"
#Xrdb=/usr/bin/xrdb
# A program to run before the greeter is shown. Can be used to start an
# xconsole or an alternative background generator. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
Setup=/etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0
# A program to run before a user session starts. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
# A program to run after a user session exits. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
# The program which is run as the user which logs in. It is supposed to
# interpret the session argument (see SessionsDirs) and start an appropriate
# session according to it. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is "/usr/X11R6/bin/xterm -ls -T"
Session=/etc/kde/kdm/Xsession
# The program to run if Session fails.
# Default is "/usr/X11R6/bin/xterm"
#FailsafeClient=
# The PATH for the Session program.
# Default is "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/games"
#UserPath=
# The PATH for Setup, Startup and Reset, etc.
# Default is "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin"
#SystemPath=
# The default system shell.
# Default is "/bin/sh"
#SystemShell=/bin/bash
# Where to put the user's X-server authorization file if ~/.Xauthority
# cannot be created (and ForceUserAuthDir is not true)
# Default is "/tmp"
UserAuthDir=/var/run/kdm
ForceUserAuthDir=true
# Whether to automatically restart sessions after X-server crashes.
# Note that enabling this makes circumventing screen lockers other than
# KDE's built-in one possible! Default is false
AutoReLogin=false
# Allow root logins?
Default is true
#AllowRootLogin=true
# Allow to log in, when user has set an empty password? Default is true
#AllowNullPasswd=true
# Who is allowed to shut down the system. This applies both to the
# greeter and to the command FiFo.
# "None" - no "Shutdown..." menu entry is shown at all
# "Root" - the root password must be entered to shut down
# "All" - everybody can shut down the machine (Default)
AllowShutdown=Root
# Who is allowed to abort active sessions when shutting down.
# "None" - no forced shutdown is allowed at all
# "Root" - the root password must be entered to shut down forcibly
# "All" - everybody can shut down the machine forcibly
# Default is All
#AllowSdForceNow=Root
# The default choice for the shutdown condition/timing.
# "Schedule" - shut down after all active sessions exit (possibly at once)
# "TryNow" - shut down, if no acti otherwise, do nothing
# "ForceNow" - shut down unconditionally
# Default is Schedule
#DefaultSdMode=ForceNow
# How to offer shutdown scheduling options:
# "Never" - not at all
# "Optional" - as a button in the simple shutdown dialogs
# "Always" - instead of the simple shutdown dialogs
# Default is Never
#ScheduledSd=Optional
# The directories containing session type definitions in .desktop format.
# Default is "/usr/share/kde4/apps/kdm/sessions"
SessionsDirs=/usr/share/xsessions,/usr/share/kde4/apps/kdm/sessions
# The file (relative to $HOME) to redirect the session output to. This is
# a printf format string; one %d will be replaced with the display name.
# Default is ".xsession-errors"
ClientLogFile=.xsession-errors-%d
# Whether KDM's built-in utmp/wtmp/lastlog registration should be used.
# Default is true
#UseSessReg=false
# Greeter config for all displays
[X-*-Greeter]
# Widget style of the greeter. "" means the built-in default which currently
# is "Plastik".
Default is ""
#GUIStyle=Bluecurve
# Widget color scheme of the greeter. "" means the built-in default which
# currently is yellowish grey with some light blue and yellow elements.
# Default is ""
# What should be shown in the greeter's logo are:
# "None" - nothing
# "Logo" - the image specified by LogoPixmap
# "Clock" - a neat analog clock (Default)
LogoArea=Logo
# The image to show when LogoArea=Logo.
# Default is ""
LogoPixmap=/usr/share/icons/hicolor/96x96/apps/system-logo-icon.png
# The relative coordinates (X,Y in percent) of the center of the greeter.
# Default is "50,50"
#GreeterPos=30,40
# The screen the greeter should be displayed on in multi-headed and Xinerama
# setups. The numbering starts with 0. For Xinerama, it corresponds to the
# listing order in the active ServerLayout section of XF86C -1 means
# to use the upper-left screen, -2 means to use the upper-right screen.
# Default is 0
#GreeterScreen=-1
# The headline in the greeter. The following character pairs are replaced:
# - %d -& current display
# - %h -& host name, possibly with domain name
# - %n -& node name, most probably the host name without domain name
# - %s -& the operating system
# - %r -& the operating system's version
# - %m -& the machine (hardware) type
# - %% -& a single %
# Default is "Welcome to %s at %n"
GreetString=Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 6.0
# The font for the greeter headline.
# Default is "charter,24,bold"
GreetFont=Sans,16,-1,5,75,0,0,0,0,0
# The normal font used in the greeter.
# Default is "helvetica,12"
StdFont=Sans,10,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
# The font used for the "Login Failed" message.
# Default is "helvetica,12,bold"
FailFont=Sans,12,-1,5,75,0,0,0,0,0
# Whether the fonts used in the greeter should be antialiased.
# Default is false
AntiAliasing=true
# What to do with the Num Lock modifier for the time the greeter is running:
# "Off" - turn off
# "On" - turn on
# "Keep" - do not change the state
# Default is Keep
#NumLock=Off
# Language and locale to use in the greeter, encoded like $LC_LANG.
# Default is "en_US"
#Language=de_DE
# Enable autocompletion in the username line edit.
# Default is false
#UserCompletion=true
# Enable user list (names along with images) in the greeter.
# Default is true
UserList=true
# Allow users to set their own user images.
# If UserList is enabled, this specifies where kdm gets the images from:
# AdminOnly (default): from &FaceDir&/$USER.face[.icon]
# UserOnly: from the user's $HOME/.face[.icon]
# PreferAdmin: prefer &FaceDir&, fallback on $HOME
# PreferUser: ... and the other way round
FaceSource=PreferUser
# User selection for UserCompletion and UserList:
# "NotHidden" - all users except those listed in HiddenUsers
# "Selected" - only the users listed in SelectedUsers
# Default is NotHidden
ShowUsers=NotHidden
# For ShowUsers=Selected. @&group& means all users in that group.
# Default is ""
#SelectedUsers=root,johndoe
# For ShowUsers=NotHidden. @&group& means all users in that group.
# Default is ""
HiddenUsers=root
# Special case of HiddenUsers: users with a non-zero UID less than this number
# will not be shown as well.
# Default is 0
MinShowUID=500
# Complement to MinShowUID: users with a UID greater than this number will
# not be shown as well. Default is 65535
MaxShowUID=65530
# If false, the users are listed in the order they appear in /etc/passwd.
# If true, they are sorted alphabetically.
# Default is true
SortUsers=true
# Specify, where the users' pictures should be taken from.
# "AdminOnly" - from &FaceDir&/$USER.face[.icon]
# "PreferAdmin" - prefer &FaceDir&, fallback on $HOME
# "PreferUser" - ... and the other way round
# "UserOnly" - from the user's $HOME/.face[.icon]
# Default is AdminOnly
#FaceSource=PreferUser
# The directory containing the user images if FaceSource is not UserOnly.
# Default is "/usr/share/apps/kdm/faces"
#FaceDir=/usr/share/faces
# Specify, if/which user should be preselected for log in.
# "None" - do not preselect any user (Default)
# "Previous" - the user which successfully logged in last time
# "Default" - the user specified in the DefaultUser option
#PreselectUser=None
# If this is true, the password input line is focused automatically if
# a user is preselected.
# Default is false
FocusPasswd=true
# Echo password (as bullets)
EchoPasswd=true
# If true, krootimage will be automatically started by KDM; otherwise, the
# Setup script should be used to setup the background. Default is true
UseBackground=true
# The configuration file to be used by krootimage.
# Default is "/usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc"
BackgroundCfg=/etc/kde/kdm/backgroundrc
# Hold the X-server grabbed the whole time the greeter is visible. This
# may be more secure, but it will disable any background and other
# X-clients started from the Setup script.
# Default is false
#GrabServer=true
# How many seconds to wait for grab to succeed.
# Default is 3
#GrabTimeout=3
# Warn, if display has no X-authorization (local auth cannot be created,
# XDMCP display wants no auth, or display is foreign from StaticServers).
# Default is true
#AuthComplain=false
# Random seed for forging saved session types, etc. of unknown users.
# This value should be random but constant across the login domain.
# Default is 0
ForgingSeed=
# Specify conversation plugins for the login dialog. Each plugin can be
# specified as a base name (which expands to $kde_modulesdir/kgreet_$base)
# or as a full pathname.
# Default is "classic"
#PluginsLogin=winbind
# Same as PluginsLogin, but for the shutdown dialog.
# Default is "classic"
#PluginsShutdown=winbind
# A list of options of the form Key=Value. The conversation plugins can query
# it is up to them what possible keys are.
# Default is ""
#PluginOptions=SomeKey=randomvalue,Foo=bar
# Show the "Console Login" action in the greeter (if ServerTTY/ConsoleTTYs
# is configured).
# Default is true
#AllowConsole=false
# A program to run while the greeter is visible. It is supposed to preload
# as much as possible of the session that is going to be started (most
# probably).
# Default is ""
#Preloader=/usr/bin/preloadkde
# Whether the greeter should be themed. Default is false
UseTheme=true
# The theme to use for the greeter. Can point to either a directory or an XML
# file. Default is "/usr/share/kde4/apps/kdm/themes/circles"
Theme=/usr/share/kde4/apps/kdm/themes/CentOS6
# Set the widget color scheme
ColorScheme=Oxygen
# Core config for local displays
[X-:*-Core]
# How often to try to run the X-server. Running includes executing it and
# waiting for it to come up. Default is 1
#ServerAttempts=1
# How long to wait for a local X-server to come up. Default is 15
ServerTimeout=30
# The command line to start the X-server, without display number and VT spec.
# This string is subject to word splitting. Default is "/usr/X11R6/bin/X"
#ServerCmd=/usr/X11R6/bin/X
# Additional arguments for the X-servers for local sessions.
# This string is subject to word splitting. Default is ""
ServerArgsLocal=-nr -nolisten tcp
# Additional arguments for the X-servers for remote sessions.
# This string is subject to word splitting. Default is ""
#ServerArgsRemote=
# Restart instead of resetting the local X-server after session exit.
# Use it if the server leaks memory etc. Default is false
TerminateServer=true
# The signal needed to reset the local X-server.
# Default is 1 (SIGHUP)
#ResetSignal=1
# The signal needed to terminate the local X-server.
# Default is 15 (SIGTERM)
#TermSignal=15
# Create X-authorizations for local displays.
# Default is true
#Authorize=false
# Which X-authorization mechanisms should be used.
# Default is "MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1"
#AuthNames=
# Need to reset the X-server to make it read initial Xauth file.
# Default is false
#ResetForAuth=true
# See above
#AllowNullPasswd=true
# See above
AllowShutdown=All
# Enable password-less logins on this display. USE WITH EXTREME CARE!
# Default is false
#NoPassEnable=true
# The users that do not need to provide a password to log in. NEVER list root!
# "*" means all non-root users. @&group& means all users in that group.
# Default is ""
#NoPassUsers=fred,ethel
# See above
#AllowRootLogin=true
# Greeter config for local displays
[X-:*-Greeter]
# See above
PreselectUser=Previous
# See above
FocusPasswd=true
# Specify whether the greeter of local displays should start up in host chooser
# (remote) or login (local) mode and whether it is allowed to switch to the
# other mode.
# "LocalOnly" - only local login possible
# "DefaultLocal" - start up in local mode, but allow switching to remote mode
# "DefaultRemote" - ... and the other way round
# "RemoteOnly" - only choice of remote host possible
# Default is LocalOnly
LoginMode=DefaultLocal
# A list of hosts to be automatically added to the remote login menu. The
# special name "*" means broadcast.
# Default is "*"
#ChooserHosts=*,ugly,sky,dino,kiste.local,login.
# Show the "Restart X Server"/"Close Connection" action in the greeter.
# Default is true
#AllowClose=false
# Core config for 1st local display
[X-:0-Core]
# Enable automatic login. USE WITH EXTREME CARE! Default is false
#AutoLoginEnable=true
# The user to log in automatically. NEVER specify root! Default is ""
#AutoLoginUser=fred
# The password for the user to log in automatically. This is NOT required
# unless the user is logged into a NIS or Kerberos domain. If you use this
# option, you should "chmod 600 kdmrc" for obvious reasons.
# Default is ""
#AutoLoginPass=secret!
# Greeter config for 1st local display
[X-:0-Greeter]
# See above
#PreselectUser=Default
# The user to preselect if PreselectUser=Default.
# Default is ""
#DefaultUser=johndoe
这个kdmrc的内容比较多，大多是注释，比gdm的默认的丰富的多。
xdm/下还有许多文件，Xservers的内容其实只有一行，不需要修改&:0 local /usr/bin/X :0 。
其他 的我全部是默认，无修改的。
5.修改防火墙 iptables设置，或者关闭iptables
在gnome下&/usr/bin/system-config-firewall 防火墙配置，其实是一个python脚本，你可以自己打开学习下。
这里面，顺便还可以配置下其他的ftp www等服务的端口开放。
iptables-save输出：
[root@centossrv ~]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Wed May 15 13:22:56 2013
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [7821:5002212]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i eth+ -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i ippp+ -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i isdn+ -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i ppp+ -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i wlan+ -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 138 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 139 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 445 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 138 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 69 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -d 224.0.0.251/32 -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 16509 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 16514 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 177 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i eth+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i ippp+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i isdn+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i ppp+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i wlan+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
# Completed on Wed May 15 13:22:56 2013
[root@centossrv ~]# iptables-save
可以输入 iptables 加上上面的某一行，来让它生效
&iptables这里是一个服务，可以查看它的状态，开启，关闭，保存iptables【在vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config 是iptables的默认配置，包括是否重启保存iptables，关闭自动保存iptables，默认是不保存的，也就是，你重启机器，以前的iptables手动设置的命令失效。】
[root@centossrv ~]# service iptables
用法：iptables {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status|panic|save}
[root@centossrv ~]# service iptables save
iptables：将防火墙规则保存到 /etc/sysconfig/iptables：
[root@centossrv ~]# service iptables status
表格：filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
prot opt source
destination
state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
state NEW tcp dpt:53
state NEW udp dpt:53
state NEW tcp dpt:21
state NEW udp dpt:1194
state NEW udp dpt:137
state NEW udp dpt:138
state NEW tcp dpt:139
state NEW tcp dpt:445
state NEW udp dpt:137
state NEW udp dpt:138
state NEW tcp dpt:22
state NEW udp dpt:69
state NEW tcp dpt:80
state NEW tcp dpt:443
224.0.0.251
state NEW udp dpt:5353
state NEW tcp dpt:16509
state NEW tcp dpt:16514
state NEW udp dpt:177
reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
prot opt source
destination
state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
prot opt source
destination
[root@centossrv ~]#
redhat centos有chkconfig来配置 服务的，上面services应该不会保存，只是临时的，或者 可以放入/etc/rc.local 一些命令来自动关闭一些服务也可以。
[root@centossrv ~]# rpm -q chkconfig
chkconfig-1.3.49.3-2.el6.x86_64
[root@centossrv ~]# chkconfig
NetworkManager
blk-availability
htcacheclean
hypervkvpd
irqbalance
libvirt-guests
lvm2-monitor
messagebus
multipathd
netconsole
portreserve
restorecond
rpcsvcgssd
sblim-sfcb
spice-vdagentd
wpa_supplicant
基于 xinetd 的服务：
chargen-dgram:
chargen-stream:
daytime-dgram:
daytime-stream:
discard-dgram:
discard-stream:
echo-dgram:
echo-stream:
tcpmux-server:
time-dgram:
time-stream:
[root@centossrv ~]# chkconfig
查看默认的177端口是否执行，可以
netstat -an|grep 177 &&
[root@centossrv ~]# netstat -an |grep --color=auto -i 177
0 0.0.0.0:177
出现 udp的177服务，那么177 服务算是开启了。也可以使用telnet IP 177 来检测177端口是否正常运行【错了telnet貌似只能检测 tcp的，对于udp的应该没反应，而且linux下telnet客户端要单独安装的。】
其他linux下， X -query ip:177 应该也可以查看这个ip下的177 xdmcp是否可链接，当然xmanager可以连接就直接没问题了。
配置NTFS读写功能
===========================
&安装ntfs-3g可以手动挂载，但是无法通过gnome点击ntfs分区挂载。纠结中。
CentOS 6.2 挂载 NTFS格式的硬盘　　
如何在gnome上使用ntfs-3g 挂载ntfs分区啊。。。gnome的挂载是什么原理？hal hald到底怎么使用？？
CentOS6.2自动挂载NTFS分区
不知道 继续研究吧。。。。linux 驱动 文件系统 驱动。
gnome点击可以自动挂载ntfs分区，只需要centos安装epel 的repo，然后安装 ntfs-3g 和 ntfsprogs 就行了。gnome为何可以自动挂载ntfs分区，是调用什么命令？还是不得而知，需要琢磨琢磨 研究研究。
epel：wget
centos 5.x的需要下载 5的 rpm，其实就是repo和key了
ntfs-3g 和ntfsprogs的文件列表，自己编译ntfs的话，最好按照下面的文件列表来重命名 才可以支持 自动挂载ntfs分区。好像关键就是 mount.ntfs 文件
#yum install ntfsprogs ntfs-3g
#rpm -ql ntfs-3g
/bin/lowntfs-3g
/bin/ntfs-3g
/bin/ntfs-3g.probe
/bin/ntfs-3g.secaudit
/bin/ntfs-3g.usermap
/bin/ntfsmount
/lib64/libntfs-3g.so.81
/lib64/libntfs-3g.so.81.0.0
/sbin/mount.lowntfs-3g
/sbin/mount.ntfs
/sbin/mount.ntfs-3g
/sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse
/usr/bin/ntfs-3g
/usr/bin/ntfsmount
/usr/share/doc/ntfs-3g-2011.4.12
/usr/share/doc/ntfs-3g-2011.4.12/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/ntfs-3g-2011.4.12/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/ntfs-3g-2011.4.12/CREDITS
/usr/share/doc/ntfs-3g-2011.4.12/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/ntfs-3g-2011.4.12/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/ntfs-3g-2011.4.12/README
/usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/20-ntfs-config-write-policy.fdi
/usr/share/man/man8/mount.lowntfs-3g.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/mount.ntfs-3g.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.probe.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.secaudit.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.usermap.8.gz
#rpm -ql ntfsprogs
/bin/ntfscat
/bin/ntfsck
/bin/ntfscluster
/bin/ntfscmp
/bin/ntfsdecrypt
/bin/ntfsdump_logfile
/bin/ntfsfix
/bin/ntfsinfo
/bin/ntfsls
/bin/ntfsmftalloc
/bin/ntfsmove
/bin/ntfstruncate
/bin/ntfswipe
/sbin/fsck.ntfs
/sbin/mkfs.ntfs
/sbin/mkntfs
/sbin/ntfsclone
/sbin/ntfscp
/sbin/ntfslabel
/sbin/ntfsresize
/sbin/ntfsundelete
/usr/share/doc/ntfsprogs-2011.4.12
/usr/share/doc/ntfsprogs-2011.4.12/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/ntfsprogs-2011.4.12/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/ntfsprogs-2011.4.12/CREDITS
/usr/share/doc/ntfsprogs-2011.4.12/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/ntfsprogs-2011.4.12/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/ntfsprogs-2011.4.12/README
/usr/share/man/man8/mkfs.ntfs.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/mkntfs.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.probe.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.secaudit.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfs-3g.usermap.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfscat.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfsclone.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfscluster.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfscmp.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfscp.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfsfix.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfsinfo.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfslabel.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfsls.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfsprogs.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfsresize.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ntfsundelete.8.gz
顺便提一下 epel安装 gparted 也很方便虽然是0.6版本的，最新gparted是0.12了吧。有了epel 方便了我们许多。
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