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"Boulogne" and "Boulogne, France" redirect here. For other places called Boulogne, see .
Boulogne-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: , : Gesoriacum or Bononia, : Bonen) is a city in . It is a
of . Boulogne lies on the , a tourist coast on the , and is the most-visited location in its region after the
conurbation. Boulogne is its department's second-largest city after , and the 59th largest in France. It is also the country's largest fishing port, specialising in .
Boulogne was the major
port for trade and communication with . After a period of Germanic presence following the collapse of the Empire, Boulogne was at the centre of an
during the , and was occupied by the
numerous times due to conflict between the two nations.
The city's 12th-century belfry is recognised by
as a , while another popular attraction is the marine conservation centre, .
name Boulogne derives from the
Bononia, which was also the Roman name for
in . Both places—and
()—are thought to have derived from native
, with bona possibly meaning "foundation", "citadel", or "granary".[] The French epithet - ("on-the-sea") distinguishes the city from
in , the , and .
The foundation of the city known to the Romans as Gesoriacum is credited to the
.[] In the past, it was sometimes conflated with 's , but that is now thought to have been a site near
which has since silted up. From the time of 's
in AD 43, Gesoriacum formed the major port connecting the rest of the empire to . It was the chief base of the 's
of its admiral
in 286. As part of the imperial response, the
successfully besieged it by land and sea in 293. The name of the settlement was changed to Bononia at some point between the sack of Gesoriacum and 310, possibly as a consequence of its refounding or possibly by the replacement of the sacked and lower-lying city by another nearby community.
The city was an important town of the ,[] and
called it Germanorum ("Germanic-speaking") at the end of the 4th century.
, as shown on the .
Main article:
Boulogne was the capital of an , founded in the mid-9th century. An important Count, , assisted
in his conquest of England. His wife founded the city's
cathedral, which became a site of pilgrimage from the 12th century onwards, attended by fourteen French kings and five of England. It was an important whaling center prior to 1121, but in time the
became extinct in the Atlantic and the few surviving
were inadequate to be profitable. The city survived on herring fishing and received its municipal charter from Count
The area was fought over by the French and the English, including several English occupations during the course of the .
from 1544 to 1550. In 1550, The
ended the war of England with
and France. France bought back Boulogne for 400,000 crowns. A culture of smuggling was present in the city until 1659, when French gains in
moved the border northwards.
commemorates Napoleon's gathering of 200,000 soldiers near Boulogne for a proposed invasion of England
Boulogne received its current status as a
department in 1800 due to the territorial re-organisation in Revolutionary France. Three years later, it was given the title of an Imperial City (Ville Impériale).
The 19th century was a prosperous one for Boulogne, which became a bathing resort for wealthy Parisians after the completion of a railway line to the French capital. In the 19th century, the
was reconstructed by the
, who claimed to have received a call from God to reconstruct the town's ruined . During the , Napoleon amassed
in Boulogne to invade the
in 1805. However, his plans were halted by other European matters and the supremacy of the .
A nephew of Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, later , returned to France in secret from his exile in England, passing through Boulogne in August 1840. He was later jailed for trying to lead a revolt in .
During the , this was the debarkation port for the first unit of the
to land in France, and for many others thereafter.
Boulogne, was one of the three base ports most extensively used by the Commonwealth armies on the Western Front throughout the First World War. It was closed and cleared on the 27 August 1914 when the Allies were forced to fall back ahead of the German advance, but was opened again in October and from that month to the end of the war, Boulogne and Wimereux formed one of the chief hospital areas.
Until June 1918, the dead from the hospitals at Boulogne itself were buried in the Cimetiere de L'Est, one of the town's cemeteries, the Commonwealth graves forming a long, narrow strip along the right hand edge of the cemetery. In the spring of 1918, it was found that space was running short in the Eastern Cemetery in spite of repeated extensions to the south, and the site of the new cemetery at Terlincthun was chosen.
It also was the site of an Allied (French and British) armaments production conference.
On 22 May 1940 during the , two British
battalions and some
attempted to defend Boulogne against an attack by the German . Despite fierce fighting, the British were overwhelmed and the survivors were evacuated by
while under direct German gunfire. On 15 June
planes (155 , 130 , and 12 ) of the
bombed Boulogne harbour to suppress German naval activity following . Some of the Lancasters carried , and as a result, the harbour and the surrounding area were completely destroyed. In August, 1944 the town was declared a "fortress" by , but it succumbed to
and liberation by the
in September. In one incident, a French civilian guided the Canadians to a "secret passage" leading into the walled old town and by-passing the German defenders.
To replace the destroyed urban infrastructure, affordable housing and public facility projects in functional,
building styles were carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The harbour, therefore, is not typical of a Northern French harbour.
The Belfry is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Our Lady's Basilica towers over the city.
Boulogne's Castle Museum
Boulogne's 12th century belfry is one of 56 in northeastern France and
with shared . It is the oldest building in the upper city, and currently serves as the home to a museum of Celtic remains from the Roman occupation. Founded as the Counts' dungeon, the top floor was added in the 13th century. Damage by a fire in 1712 was built over by 1734.
Medieval walls long 1,500 metres with 4 gates and 17 towers from 13th century
Medieval castle, whose foundations date to Roman times. It houses an
art collection
church of St. Nicholas, housing several 15th century statues
Cathedral basilica of Notre-Dame, with a dome standing at over 100 m. The crypt is one of the largest in France, and has Roman, Romanesque and Gothic elements.
Opened in 1991,
- The French National Sea Centre is a science centre entirely dedicated to the relationship between mankind and the sea. It houses Aquaria, exhibitions on the marine fauna, and the exploitation and management of marine resources (fisheries, aquaculture, coastal planning, maritime transport, exploitation of energies and mineral, tourism).
The Boulogne Eastern Cemetery, created during the Great War
- Statue of Napoleon I
Boulogne-sur-Mer is an important fishing port, with 7,000 inhabitants deriving part, or all, of their livelihoods from fishing.[]
IFREMER (the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) and the Pasteur Institute are located in Boulogne Port.
Certain brands, including
and , are based in Boulogne
Radio : France Bleu Nord, Virgin Radio
Television : France 3 C?te d'Opale
Print :
(édition de Boulogne sur Mer), La Semaine dans le Boulonnais, Touzazimut
In the year 1905 the First
was held in Boulogne-sur-Mer. , the creator of Esperanto, was among the attendees. In the 2005, there was a grand anniversary meeting, to mark the centenary, with more than 500 attendees.
Boulogne is the seat of the
Particularities
Deputy, Minister
Mireille Hingrez-Céréda
Deputy, Minister
Guy Lengagne
Deputy, Minister
Jean Muselet
Conservative
Guy Lengagne
Deputy, Minister
Henri Henneguelle
Past mayors are unknown.
—    
Metropolitan bus services are operated by Marinéo
Coach services to Calais and Dunkerque
operate coach services to
and across the Channel to
and beyond.
The main railway station is
and located in the south of the city.
is used for regional transit. It is located near the university and the city centre.
The former
served as a ferry connection for the railway.
Boulogne currently has no cross channel ferry services since the closure of the route to
Boulogne-sur-Mer hosts one of the oldest Universités de l'été - summer courses in French language and culture.
The Saint-Louis building of the University of the C?te d'Opale's Boulogne campus opened its doors in 1991, on the site of the former St. Louis Hospital, the front entrance to which remains a predominant architectural feature. Its 6 major specialisms are Modern Languages, French Literature, Sport, Law, History and Economics. The university is situated in the town centre, about 5 minutes from the Boulogne Tintelleries railway station.
(Saint-Louis, Grand-Rue and Capérure site), member of .
High schools : Lycée Auguste Mariette, Edouard Branly, Cazin (professional).
College : College Langevin, Angelier, Daunou.
High schools: Lycée Nazareth, Haffreingue, Saint-Joseph
College: College Godefroy de Bouillon, Haffreingue, Nazareth, Saint-Joseph
Two health centres are located in Boulogne, the public Hospital Duchenne and the private Clinique de la c?te d'opale.
play their home football matches at the 14,500-seat .
Boulogne's football club,
(US refers to Union Sportive), is one of the oldest in France due to the city's proximity to England, founded in 1898. The club currently play in the third tier, the , and host home matches at the 14,500-capacity . Boulogne native and
began his career at the club.
Basketball teams in Boulogne include
and ESSM of
(second-tier men's professional basketball league in France).
(now a castle museum) of Boulogne, in the fortified town, houses the most important exhibition of masks from Alaska in the world, the second largest collection of Greek ceramics in France (after the Louvre), collections of Roman and medieval sculptures, paintings (15th-20th century), an Egyptian collection, African Arts etc. As these collections are exhibited in a medieval castle, one can also discover the Roman walls (in the underground) as well as rooms built in the 13th century (La Barbière, banqueting hall, chapel, covered parapet walk...)
La Casa San Martin is currently a museum where
the leader of independence struggle in Argentina (also Chile and Peru) died in 1850, from 1930 to 1967 this house was the consulate of Argentina in France. There is a statue dedicated to his colleague , other liberator of South America in the revolutions against
colonial rule in the 1810s. Bolivar planned to head in exile to this very part of France before his death in 1830. Historic emigration in the 19th century from the Nord-Pas de Calais region to
can explain some cultural ties with South America of the Boulognais and /Ibero-American culture.[]
, the French national sealife centre.
As an international maritime port on the
(La Manche), the town of Boulogne-sur-Mer has European and American influences in local cuisine. They include:
Sandwich américain (an American sandwich introduced from the USA)
Kipper (: smoked )
Boulogne-born footballer .
(), Countess of Boulogne and queen consort of England
(), monk and historian.
(), politician and
(), engineer and inventor of the propeller
(), literary critic and one of the major figures of French literary history
(), scholar and archaeologist, one of the foremost Egyptologists of his generation, and the founder of the
(), composer and pianist
(), music publisher
(), managing director of Blanzy-Poure
(), pianist and composer
(), painter
(), anthropologist/ created (in 1880) the museum of ethnography of Trocadéro (today known as the Musée de l'Homme, Trocadéro)
(), writer and historian
(born 1912), singer
(), famous painter, initiator of "lyrical abstraction" and informal art
(), film actress
(born 1963), judoka
(born 1963), footballer
(born 1980), track cyclist
(born 1983), footballer
(born 1992), footballer
, son and brother of Counts of Boulogne, ruled the Holy Land in the 11th century.
(c.), Count of Boulogne, prominent figure in the
(c.), Count of Boulogne, prominent figure in the
(), Marshal of France
(), chemist, discoverer of
and , died falling from a bridge in Boulogne
(), amateur actor, fled from London to Boulogne to escape . He lived there for several years, and met his wife during this period.
(), father of , died from
while on a vacation
(), Argentine general who liberated Argentina, Chile and P lived for two years in Boulogne and died there
(), priest and builder of Boulogne's cathedral
(), Belgium-born composer, grew up in Boulogne
(), Canadian doctor, author of
(), painter-engraver
(), painter
(born 1962), musician, educator
Boulogne-sur-Mer is
, United Kingdom
, Germany - since 1959
. Ville-boulogne-sur-mer.fr.
France. . Annuaire-mairie.fr.
Graeme Villeret. . PopulationData.net.
. Information France. .
. Nordmag.fr.
. Flagspot.net.
Nixon, C.E.V.
University of California Press (Los Angeles), 1994. .
Historia Nova, Book VI.5.2-3
DeSmet, W.M.A. (1981). .
Stacey, C P (1966). . Official History of the Canadian Army. Department of National Defence 2009.
. Archant Community Media Ltd.
(8th ed.), London: John Murray, 1861
(3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1899,  
, The Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910,  
Wikinews has related news:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for .
(in English)
(in French)
(English guide and tourist map)
(in French and English)
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