1班3组微生物自主实验论文―高产纤维素酶菌株的分离与酶活性检测_百度文库
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1班3组微生物自主实验论文―高产纤维素酶菌株的分离与酶活性检测|
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摘要:（该内容经过伪原创处理，请直接查看目录）木质纤维素的微生物降解是生态体系中碳轮回的主要进程之一，它直接或直接地影响着泥土微生物的多样性，但其相干调理及掌握感化形式今朝还不很清晰。本文以落叶终年聚积下的泥土为研讨对象，应用添加外源木质纤维素（一次性卫生筷子），经由过程直接法提取木质纤维素引诱后21天和63天的筷子邻近2cm之内和距筷10一12cm远处的泥土微生物总DNA，采取树立泥土细菌16SrDNA克隆文库的办法，来比较剖析木质纤维引诱下分歧程度空间标准上的泥土细菌菌群的构造变更特点和纪律，以期提醒木质纤维素降解进程中对其四周微生物的影响和感化，为研讨和应用细菌与泥土情况间的互相感化供给实际根据。研讨成果注解经由21天的引诱，筷子邻近（0一2cm）土样中的优势菌属与未引诱时比拟并没有产生太年夜变更，以Pseudomonas属、Streptomyces属和Bacillus属三个属的菌占菌群的绝年夜部门；而硝化细菌在引诱后土样中的数目增长；在距筷子10一12cm的土样中固然Pseudomonas属、Streptomyces属和Bacillus属仍为优势菌属，但Streptomyces属菌的数目跨越了Pseudomonas属的数目，并且致病菌属Shigella属、Staphylococcus属和Acinetobacter属菌的数目增长。经由63天引诱后，筷子邻近（0一2cm）土样中Bacillus属作为纤维素降解菌群在土样中占重要位置，而距筷子10一12cm的土样中，Shigella属为优势菌属，Pseudomonas属次之。这些变更能够是因为木质纤维素被微生物应用，从而转变了泥土碳轮回而惹起的。同时，经由过程对分歧菌种的混杂造就，我们比拟了单一菌种及各复合系在20℃下的羧甲基纤维素酶（CMC）活性和滤纸糖酶（FPA）活性，愿望可以或许挑选出高效降解纤维素的复合系。成果注解，个中细菌DS6与两株真菌LF1和LF3分离混杂造就的复合系的纤维素降解效力最好。
Abstract:Microbial degradation of lignocellulose is one of the main process of carbon cycle of ecological system, which directly or indirectly affect soil microbial diversity, but its coherent conditioning and master action form at the present is not very clear. In this paper, deciduous perennial accumulation of dirt as the research object, the application of exogenous lignocellulose (disposable sanitary chopsticks, chopsticks) via within neighboring 2cm extraction of lignocellulose seduction process direct method after 21 days and 63 days and from a distant soil 12cm the 10 microbial total DNA, to establish the soil bacterial 16SrDNA clone library approach structure analysis, to compare the soil bacterial community of wood fiber lured extent of disagreement space standards change characteristics and discipline, to remind the lignocellulose degradation process influence on the surrounding microbial and action, as the research and application of bacteria and dirt between interaction supply according to the actual situation. The results note after 21 days of seduction, chopsticks adjacent (a 0 2cm) of dominant bacteria in soil samples and not tempt genus match did not produce too big change, in the genus Pseudomonas, genus Streptomyces and Bacillus belong to three genera of bacteria accounted for the va while the number of nitrifying bacteria in the lure of Houtu in
in the distance of 10 a 12cm chopsticks in soil sample is Pseudomonas spp., Streptomyces spp. and Bacillus spp. is still the dominant fungi, but the number of Streptomyces strain across the number of the genus Pseudomonas, and pathogen belongs to genus Shigella, belongs to Acinetobacter genus of Staphylococcus and the increase in the number of. By 63 days after baiting, chopsticks adjacent (0 2cm) in soil samples of Bacillus genus as cellulose degrading bacteria occupied an important position in the soil sample, and from 10 soil samples of chopsticks 12cm, Shigella is a genus of dominant genera, the genus Pseudomonas times. These changes can be applied because of lignocellulose by microorganisms, thus changing the soil carbon cycle and cause. At the same time, through the process of creating the hybrid strain differences, we compared the single strain and the composite system at 20 DEG C of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) activity and enzyme (FPA) activity, desire may pick out the compound of the efficient degradation of cellulose. Results the annotation, cellulose degradation bacteria and two strains of fungi medium DS6 LF1 and separation of LF3 hybrid composite system makes the best efficiency.
目录:摘要3-4Abstract41 引言8-19&&&&1.1 木质纤维素的研究进展8-13&&&&&&&&1.1.1 纤维素的组成及酶降解8-11&&&&&&&&1.1.2 木质素的组成及酶降解11-12&&&&&&&&1.1.3 半纤维素的组成及酶降解12-13&&&&1.2 土壤微生物生态学研究方法13-18&&&&&&&&1.2.1 传统研究方法13-15&&&&&&&&1.2.2 现代研究方法15-18&&&&1.3 研究目的和意义18-192 材料与方法19-31&&&&2.1 实验材料19-23&&&&&&&&2.1.1 样品采集与处理19&&&&&&&&2.1.2 菌种19&&&&&&&&2.1.3 主要试剂与试剂盒19&&&&&&&&2.1.4 主要仪器19-20&&&&&&&&2.1.5 引物20&&&&&&&&2.1.6 序列分析工具和软件20&&&&&&&&2.1.7 培养基配方20-21&&&&&&&&2.1.8 主要溶液21-23&&&&2.2 实验方法23-31&&&&&&&&2.2.1 pH 值测定23&&&&&&&&2.2.2 土壤CMC 酶活的测定23-24&&&&&&&&2.2.3 硝态氮的测定24&&&&&&&&2.2.4 铵态氮的测定24-25&&&&&&&&2.2.5 全磷的测定25&&&&&&&&2.2.6 可培养细菌计数25-26&&&&&&&&2.2.7 可培养的纤维素降解菌计数26&&&&&&&&2.2.8 构建16S rDNA 克隆文库26-30&&&&&&&&2.2.9 纤维素降解菌复合体系的构建30&&&&&&&&2.2.10 复合体系羧甲基纤维素酶活和滤纸酶活的测定30-313 结果与分析31-44&&&&3.1 土壤样品的环境参数31-32&&&&3.2 可培养细菌和可培养纤维素降解菌的计数32-33&&&&3.3 细菌16S rDNA 多样性及其系统发育分析33-42&&&&&&&&3.3.1 土样的微生物总DNA 的提取33&&&&&&&&3.3.2 细菌16S rDNA 序列扩增33&&&&&&&&3.3.3 细菌16S rDNA 克隆文库构建33-34&&&&&&&&3.3.4 典型克隆的16S rDNA 系统发育34-42&&&&3.4 纤维素降解菌复合体系的羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)酶活和滤纸(FPA)酶42-44&&&&&&&&3.4.1 羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)活性42-43&&&&&&&&3.4.2 滤纸糖酶（FPA）活性43-444 结论与讨论44-46致谢46-47参考文献47-51作者简介51
原价：￥20.00元折价：￥1.00元
[1].伊晨刚. [D]. 青海大学.
2013[2].李琼. [D]. 浙江大学.
2014[3].姚月华. [D]. 中南林业科技大学.
2013[4].柏云龙. [D]. 安徽农业大学.
2013[5].张丽玮. [D]. 河北农业大学.
2013[6].孔苗苗. [D]. 广西大学.
2013[7].刘超逊. [D]. 广西大学.
2013[8].张旭. [D]. 河北农业大学.
2013[9].刘丰雷. [D]. 华中农业大学.
2013[10].李俊. [D]. 华中农业大学.欢迎访问《土壤学报》编辑部网站！
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陈晏,戴传超,王兴祥,张波,鞠群.施加内生真菌拟茎点霉（Phomopsis sp.）对茅苍术凋落物降解及土壤降解酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,):537-544.Chen Yan,Dai Chuanchao,Wang Xingxiang,Zhang Bo and Ju Qun.Effects of endophytic fungus (sp.）on decomposition of plant( atractylodes
(thunb）DC)litters and activity of degrading enzymes in soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,):537-544
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施加内生真菌拟茎点霉（Phomopsis sp.）对茅苍术凋落物降解及土壤降解酶活性的影响
Effects of endophytic fungus (sp.）on decomposition of plant( atractylodes
(thunb）DC)litters and activity of degrading enzymes in soil
中文关键词:&&&&&&&&&&&&
Key Words:&&&&&&&&&&
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.500066)、科技部科技型中小企业创新基金项目(08C)、中国科学院知识创新重大项目(CX 1-YW-09)和国家支撑计划（2009BADC6B006,2009BADC6B003）资助
作者单位&，&&，&&&&，&&&
摘要点击次数:&652
全文下载次数:&140
&&&&&&通过向盆栽土壤中分别添加茅苍术(Atractylodes lancea (thunb) DC )凋落物（CK）、内生真菌拟茎点霉（Phomopsis sp. 编号B3）和灭菌凋落物(MB)、内生真菌和凋落物(WB)、内生真菌和凋落物及菌体发酵液(WBF)、凋落物和灭菌发酵液 (WMF) 后，定期检测凋落物纤维素、木质素降解率，测定土壤纤维素酶和木质素酶活性，并利用巢式PCR方法跟踪土壤中活体内生真菌B3动态变化，研究了土壤施加内生真菌对掉落的茅苍术残体的分解及土壤降解酶活性影响。结果表明，植物内生真菌离开宿主进入土壤仍具有生理活性，能适应非宿主环境，存活30 d之久。在此期间，内生真菌在富含凋落物的土壤中明显加快纤维素、木质素的降解，在10 d、30 d、60 d取样测定，处理组中WBF和MB的土壤纤维素酶活性显著高于其他处理组，处理组MB和WB的土壤木质素酶活性显著高于其他处理组。
&&&&&&A pot experiment designed to have 5 treatments, i.e. Treatment CK (litter of Atractylodes lancea (thunb) DC only); Treatment MB (endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. And sterilized A.lancea litters); Treatment WB (Phomopsis sp. and A.lancea litters); Treatment WBF, (Phomopsis sp., A.lancea litters and fermentation broth); and Treatment WMF (A.lancea litters and sterilized fermentation broth), was carried out. After the treatment, decomposition rates of cellulose and lignose of the litters and activities of their degrading enzymes in the soils were determined regularly, and meanwhile, variation of endophytic fungus B3 in the soil was tracked by means of nested PCR, to study effect of the addition of endophytic fungus to soil on decomposition of A.lancea litters and activities of soil degrading enzymes. Results indicate that even when detached from their host, the endophytic fungus still remained physiologically active, got adapted to non-host conditions and survived for more than 30 days. During this period of time, the fungus significantly accelerated decomposition of cellulose and lignin. Measurements of the samples taken on D10, D30 and D60 showed that the activity of cellulase was significantly higher in Treatments WBF and MB than in other treatments, and the activity of ligninase was significantly higher in Treatments MB and WB than in other treatments.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松林土壤酶活性的影响-Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the soil enzyme activities in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest at the Taiyue Mountain
<meta name="Description" content="为研究土壤酶活性对氮沉降增加的响应，以山西太岳山油松人工林和天然林为研究对象， 于2009年8月开始实施模拟氮沉实验，试验设置对照(CK, Control, 0 kg N?hm-2?a-1)；低氮(LN, Low Nitrogen, 50 kg N?hm-2?a-1)；中氮(MN, Middle Nitrogen, 100 kg N?hm-2?a-1)；高氮(HN, High Nitrogen, 150 kg N?hm-2?a-1)4种氮处理，自2012年起每年5、7、9月在各处理样方采集表层0—20 cm土壤，测定土壤酶活性（过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶）。研究结果表明：施氮处理下的脲酶与中性磷酸酶活性均有所提高，而低氮处理下天然林中的多酚氧化酶与人工林中的蔗糖酶显著低于对照，中氮、高氮处理下过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、天然林中的纤维素酶以及人工林中的蔗糖酶显著降低。总的来说，人工模拟氮沉降促进了土壤中脲酶和中性磷酸酶的活性，抑制了过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性，并降低了天然林土壤中的纤维素酶活性和人工林中的蔗糖酶活性，但对蔗糖酶和人工林中的纤维素酶无影响。主导木质素降解的多酚氧化酶活性与纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性显著相关，纤维素酶与蔗糖酶活性的下降可能是由木质素降解受到抑制，土壤微生物可利用碳源减少所引起。另外，受到天然林土壤含氮量较高的影响，与人工林相比，天然林的多酚氧化酶活性对模拟氮沉降更敏感。由于被抑制的酶均与土壤有机质降解密切相关，氮沉降增加将减缓山西油松林土壤有机质的降解，有利于有机质在土壤中的积累。;Human activities had dramatically increased the quantity of atmospheric nitrogen deposition since the industrial revolution. Increased nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems would not only have a direct impact on tree growth, but also indirect effects of soil carbon storage influencing the microbial degradation of soil organic matter. Soil enzymes produced by microbes play a key role in the biochemical functioning of soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Soil enzyme activity is one of the indicators of soil microbial community activity. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition had significant effects on soil enzyme activities. However, soil enzyme activities in different ecosystems always showed different responses to increasing nitrogen deposition. Thus, it was necessary to assess the impact of nitrogen deposition on forest soil enzyme activities in two different ecosystems. In this study, four treatments were installed in a plantation and a natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis at the Taiyue Mountain of Shanxi Province China, starting in August 2009 and including four treatments: a) control (CK, 0 kg N?hm-2?a-1), b) low nitrogen (LN, 50 kg N?hm-2?a-1), c) medium nitrogen (MN, 100 kg N?hm-2?a-1), and d) high nitrogen (HN, 150 kg N?hm-2?a-1). Each treatment comprised three replicate plots of 2m×2m which were sprayed with CO(NH2)2 solutions at the beginning of each month. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0~20 cm in May, July and September since 2012, and the activities of invertase, cellulase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urease and neutral phosphatase were determined. Soil invertase and cellulase were assessed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase by pyrogallol colorimetric method, urease by phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method and neutral phosphatase by di-sodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method. Urease and neutral phosphatase activities increased with increa polyphenol oxidase activity of the natural forest and invertase activity of the plantation decreased significantly in the low nitrogen treatment (P < 0.05); medium and high nitrogen treatments significantly inhibited peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in both ecosystems, and cellulase in the natural forest and invertase in the plantation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, simulated N deposition inhibited the activities of soil peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and stimulated urease and neutral phosphatase activities. Cellulase activity in the natural forest and invertase activity in the plantation were reduced by simulated N deposition, yet invertase activity in the natural forest and cellulase activity in the plantation had no significant variation. The polyphenol oxidase activity which plays a key role in the degradation of lignin significantly associated with activities of cellulase and invertase (P
说明：此论文已被《生态学报》录用，现为优先出版状态！可查看优先出版的PDF版本！
刘星,汪金松,赵秀海.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松林土壤酶活性的影响.生态学报,2015,(14).http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb
模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松林土壤酶活性的影响
Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the soil enzyme activities in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest at the Taiyue Mountain
10.5846/stxb
中文关键词:&&&&&&&&
English Keywords:&&&&&&
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目（）和国家自然科学基金项目（）共同资助
作者单位E-mail&&&&&&&&&
摘要点击次数:&147
全文下载次数:&58
&&&&&&为研究土壤酶活性对氮沉降增加的响应，以山西太岳山油松人工林和天然林为研究对象， 于2009年8月开始实施模拟氮沉实验，试验设置对照(CK, Control, 0 kg N?hm-2?a-1)；低氮(LN, Low Nitrogen, 50 kg N?hm-2?a-1)；中氮(MN, Middle Nitrogen, 100 kg N?hm-2?a-1)；高氮(HN, High Nitrogen, 150 kg N?hm-2?a-1)4种氮处理，自2012年起每年5、7、9月在各处理样方采集表层0—20 cm土壤，测定土壤酶活性（过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶）。研究结果表明：施氮处理下的脲酶与中性磷酸酶活性均有所提高，而低氮处理下天然林中的多酚氧化酶与人工林中的蔗糖酶显著低于对照，中氮、高氮处理下过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、天然林中的纤维素酶以及人工林中的蔗糖酶显著降低。总的来说，人工模拟氮沉降促进了土壤中脲酶和中性磷酸酶的活性，抑制了过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性，并降低了天然林土壤中的纤维素酶活性和人工林中的蔗糖酶活性，但对蔗糖酶和人工林中的纤维素酶无影响。主导木质素降解的多酚氧化酶活性与纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性显著相关，纤维素酶与蔗糖酶活性的下降可能是由木质素降解受到抑制，土壤微生物可利用碳源减少所引起。另外，受到天然林土壤含氮量较高的影响，与人工林相比，天然林的多酚氧化酶活性对模拟氮沉降更敏感。由于被抑制的酶均与土壤有机质降解密切相关，氮沉降增加将减缓山西油松林土壤有机质的降解，有利于有机质在土壤中的积累。
English Summary:
&&&&&&Human activities had dramatically increased the quantity of atmospheric nitrogen deposition since the industrial revolution. Increased nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems would not only have a direct impact on tree growth, but also indirect effects of soil carbon storage influencing the microbial degradation of soil organic matter. Soil enzymes produced by microbes play a key role in the biochemical functioning of soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Soil enzyme activity is one of the indicators of soil microbial community activity. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition had significant effects on soil enzyme activities. However, soil enzyme activities in different ecosystems always showed different responses to increasing nitrogen deposition. Thus, it was necessary to assess the impact of nitrogen deposition on forest soil enzyme activities in two different ecosystems. In this study, four treatments were installed in a plantation and a natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis at the Taiyue Mountain of Shanxi Province China, starting in August 2009 and including four treatments: a) control (CK, 0 kg N?hm-2?a-1), b) low nitrogen (LN, 50 kg N?hm-2?a-1), c) medium nitrogen (MN, 100 kg N?hm-2?a-1), and d) high nitrogen (HN, 150 kg N?hm-2?a-1). Each treatment comprised three replicate plots of 2m×2m which were sprayed with CO(NH2)2 solutions at the beginning of each month. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0~20 cm in May, July and September since 2012, and the activities of invertase, cellulase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urease and neutral phosphatase were determined. Soil invertase and cellulase were assessed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase by pyrogallol colorimetric method, urease by phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method and neutral phosphatase by di-sodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method. Urease and neutral phosphatase activities increased with increa polyphenol oxidase activity of the natural forest and invertase activity of the plantation decreased significantly in the low nitrogen treatment (P < 0.05); medium and high nitrogen treatments significantly inhibited peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in both ecosystems, and cellulase in the natural forest and invertase in the plantation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, simulated N deposition inhibited the activities of soil peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and stimulated urease and neutral phosphatase activities. Cellulase activity in the natural forest and invertase activity in the plantation were reduced by simulated N deposition, yet invertase activity in the natural forest and cellulase activity in the plantation had no significant variation. The polyphenol oxidase activity which plays a key role in the degradation of lignin significantly associated with activities of cellulase and invertase (P < 0.05) and the inhibition of lignin degradation would decrease soil dissolved organic matter. Therefore the inhibition of cellulase and invertase may be caused by the reduction of the carbon source which can be utilized by soil microbes. Furthermore, polyphenol oxidase activity was more sensitive in the natural forest than in the plantation because the natural forest had a higher soil nitrogen content. Because the enzymes which were inhibited were related to degradation of soil organic matter, the inhibition of soil activities under simulated nitrogen deposition could slow down the degradation of soil organic matter, leading to the increase of soil organic matter.
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渭北生草果园土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤酶活性的关系83
第猿缘卷第苑期环摇摇境摇摇科摇摇学灾燥造援猿缘袁；贾曼莉员袁郭宏员袁李会科；员袁圆鄢；摘要院通过短期渊猿员凿冤室内培养法测定苹果园清耕；渊悦责冤和矿化速率常数渊噪冤值分别为园郾圆缘圆耀；中图分类号院载员源源摇文献标识码院粤摇文章编号院；渊员援西北农林科技大学资源环境学院袁杨凌摇苑员圆；养过程中袁猿种管理模式下土壤有机碳日矿化率均表现；酝蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤
第猿缘卷第苑期环摇摇境摇摇科摇摇学灾燥造援猿缘袁晕燥援苑渭北生草果园土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤酶活性的关系贾曼莉员袁郭宏员袁李会科员袁圆鄢摘要院通过短期渊猿员凿冤室内培养法测定苹果园清耕尧苹果M白三叶间作尧苹果M小冠花间作这猿种管理模式下土壤有机碳矿化动态和源种土壤酶活性袁探讨了渭北果园不同生草条件下土壤有机碳矿化规律及其与土壤酶活性的关系援结果表明袁在培窑噪早原员尧小冠花处理为缘源员皂早窑噪早原员袁并且猿个处处理土壤有机碳矿化累积量为猿远苑皂早窑噪早原员相比较袁白三叶处理最大为缘怨园皂早理在垂直方向上有机碳累积矿化量均随土层深度增加而减小援由一级动力学方程拟合发现袁生草果园土壤有机碳矿化碳潜力著袁并且土壤蔗糖酶和纤维素酶与土壤有机碳矿化有较高的相关性援渊悦责冤和矿化速率常数渊噪冤值分别为园郾圆缘圆耀圆郾苑源早窑噪早原员和园郾园员怨耀园郾园缘员凿原员袁果园生草处理悦责值与对照处理悦责值差异显关键词院有机碳矿化曰土壤有机碳累积矿化量曰果园生草曰土壤酶活性中图分类号院载员源源摇文献标识码院粤摇文章编号院园圆缘园鄄猿猿园员渊圆园员源冤园苑鄄圆苑苑苑鄄园愿摇阅韵陨院员园援员猿圆圆苑辕躁援澡躁噪曾援圆园员源援园苑援园源愿渊员援西北农林科技大学资源环境学院袁杨凌摇苑员圆员园园曰圆援农业部西北植物与肥料及农业环境重点实验室袁杨凌摇苑员圆员园园冤养过程中袁猿种管理模式下土壤有机碳日矿化率均表现出先升高后降低袁后期保持低且比较稳定的趋势援培养猿员凿后袁与对照酝蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶燥枣杂燥蚤造韵则早葬灶蚤糟悦葬则遭燥灶葬灶凿陨贼泽砸藻造葬贼蚤燥灶泽澡蚤责憎蚤贼澡杂燥蚤造耘灶扎赠皂藻粤糟贼蚤增蚤贼蚤藻泽蚤灶粤责责造藻韵则糟澡葬则凿蚤灶宰藻蚤遭藻蚤允陨粤酝葬灶鄄造蚤员袁郧哉韵匀燥灶早员袁蕴陨匀怎蚤鄄噪藻员袁圆渊员援悦燥造造藻早藻燥枣耘灶增蚤则燥灶皂藻灶贼葬灶凿砸藻泽燥怎则糟藻袁晕燥则贼澡憎藻泽贼粤驭云哉灶蚤增藻则泽蚤贼赠袁再葬灶早造蚤灶早苑员圆员园园袁悦澡蚤灶葬曰圆郾运藻赠蕴葬遭燥则葬贼燥则赠燥枣孕造葬灶贼晕怎贼则蚤贼蚤燥灶粤遭泽贼则葬糟贼院粤贼燥贼葬造燥枣猿远噪蚤灶凿泽燥枣泽燥蚤造泽葬皂责造藻泽憎藻则藻糟燥造造藻糟贼藻凿枣则燥皂葬责责造藻燥则糟澡葬则凿泽怎灶凿藻则贼澡则藻藻噪蚤灶凿泽燥枣皂葬灶葬早藻皂藻灶贼皂燥凿藻造袁蚤灶糟造怎凿蚤灶早糟造藻葬则贼蚤造造葬早藻皂燥凿藻造袁蚤灶贼藻则糟则燥责责蚤灶早憎澡蚤贼藻糟造燥增藻则皂燥凿藻造葬灶凿蚤灶贼藻则糟则燥责责蚤灶早泽皂葬造造糟则燥憎灶枣造燥憎藻则皂燥凿藻造袁贼澡藻皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶燥枣泽燥蚤造燥则早葬灶蚤糟糟葬则遭燥灶葬灶凿枣燥怎则噪蚤灶凿泽燥枣泽燥蚤造藻灶扎赠皂藻泽葬糟贼蚤增蚤贼蚤藻泽憎藻则藻凿藻贼藻则皂蚤灶藻凿袁葬灶凿贼澡藻则藻造葬贼蚤燥灶泽澡蚤责遭藻贼憎藻藻灶贼澡藻贼憎燥责葬则葬皂藻贼藻则泽憎葬泽葬造泽燥葬灶葬造赠扎藻凿援栽澡藻则藻泽怎造贼泽泽澡燥憎藻凿贼澡葬贼贼澡藻泽燥蚤造燥则早葬灶蚤糟糟葬则遭燥灶皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶燥枣葬造造贼澡藻贼澡则藻藻贼则藻葬贼皂藻灶贼泽憎葬泽葬造皂燥泽贼贼澡藻泽葬皂藻援栽澡藻凿葬蚤造赠杂韵悦皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶则葬贼藻枣蚤则泽贼蚤灶糟则藻葬泽藻凿葬灶凿贼澡藻灶凿藻糟则藻葬泽藻凿袁葬灶凿枣蚤灶葬造造赠贼藻灶凿藻凿贼燥遭藻泽贼葬遭造藻援粤枣贼藻则猿员凿葬赠泽蚤灶糟怎遭葬贼蚤燥灶藻曾责藻则蚤皂藻灶贼袁贼澡藻皂葬曾蚤皂怎皂葬糟糟怎皂怎造葬贼蚤增藻葬皂燥怎灶贼燥枣杂韵悦皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶燥糟糟怎则则藻凿蚤灶憎澡蚤贼藻糟造燥增藻则贼则藻葬贼皂藻灶贼憎蚤贼澡缘怨园皂早窑噪早原员袁枣燥造造燥憎藻凿遭赠泽皂葬造造糟则燥憎灶枣造燥憎藻则贼则藻葬贼皂藻灶贼憎蚤贼澡缘源员皂早窑噪早原员袁葬灶凿贼澡藻皂蚤灶蚤皂怎皂增葬造怎藻憎葬泽猿远苑皂早窑噪早原员蚤灶贼澡藻糟燥灶贼则燥造贼则藻葬贼皂藻灶贼袁葬灶凿贼澡藻葬糟糟怎皂怎造葬贼蚤增藻葬皂燥怎灶贼燥枣杂韵悦皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶凿藻糟则藻葬泽藻凿憎蚤贼澡蚤灶糟则藻葬泽蚤灶早泽燥蚤造凿藻责贼澡援阅蚤泽糟燥增藻则藻凿遭赠贼澡藻枣蚤则泽贼鄄燥则凿藻则噪蚤灶藻贼蚤糟泽袁贼澡藻枣蚤贼贼蚤灶早责葬则葬皂藻贼藻则悦责增葬造怎藻则葬灶早藻凿枣则燥皂园郾圆缘圆贼燥圆郾苑源早窑噪早原员葬灶凿噪增葬造怎藻则葬灶早藻凿枣则燥皂园郾园员怨贼燥园郾园缘员凿原员袁葬灶凿贼澡藻贼憎燥早则葬泽泽贼则藻葬贼皂藻灶贼泽遭燥贼澡泽澡燥憎藻凿泽蚤早灶蚤枣蚤糟葬灶贼凿蚤枣枣藻则藻灶糟藻蚤灶悦责增葬造怎藻枣则燥皂贼澡藻糟燥灶贼则燥造贼则藻葬贼皂藻灶贼袁葬灶凿贼澡藻泽燥蚤造蚤灶增藻则贼葬泽藻葬灶凿糟藻造造怎造燥泽藻葬糟贼蚤增蚤贼蚤藻泽泽澡燥憎藻凿燥遭增蚤燥怎泽则藻造葬贼蚤燥灶泽澡蚤责憎蚤贼澡泽燥蚤造燥则早葬灶蚤糟糟葬则遭燥灶皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶援运藻赠憎燥则凿泽院泽燥蚤造燥则早葬灶蚤糟糟葬则遭燥灶皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶曰葬糟糟怎皂怎造葬贼蚤增藻葬皂燥怎灶贼燥枣杂韵悦皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶曰燥则糟澡葬则凿早则葬泽泽曰泽燥蚤造藻灶扎赠皂藻葬糟贼蚤增蚤贼赠葬灶凿贼澡藻粤早则蚤鄄藻灶增蚤则燥灶皂藻灶贼蚤灶晕燥则贼澡憎藻泽贼悦澡蚤灶葬袁酝蚤灶蚤泽贼则赠燥枣粤早则蚤糟怎造贼怎则藻袁再葬灶早造蚤灶早苑员圆员园园袁悦澡蚤灶葬冤摇摇土壤碳库储存量巨大袁约是大气碳库的猿倍袁是植被碳库的圆倍多咱员暂袁其较小幅度的变化都可影响到碳向大气的排放量咱圆暂袁进而影响全球气候变化袁因此土壤有机碳动态变化成为陆地生态系统碳循环和全球气候变化研究的热点问题之一咱员耀猿暂援土壤有机碳矿化是土壤有机碳在微生物驱动下由酶作用的生物化学过程袁直接关系到土壤中养分元素的释放与供应尧温室气体的形成以及土壤质量的保持等咱源袁缘暂袁土壤有机碳矿化受多种因素影响袁如土壤温度尧土壤水分尧土壤有机碳的性质以及土壤微生物群落组成和活性咱远暂等袁土壤酶参与土壤中一切生物化学过程袁是土壤生态系统中物质循环和能量流动中最为活跃的生物活性物质咱苑暂袁土壤酶种类和活性是反映土壤有机碳转化特征的敏感指标咱愿暂袁土壤酶参与土壤碳氮的转化袁对提高土壤肥力有重要作用咱怨暂援全国推广咱员园暂袁果园生草可以降低土壤容重袁增大土果园生草制作为绿色果品生产措施员怨怨愿年在壤空隙度袁提高土壤有机碳含量尧微生物的数量和会对有机碳矿化产生影响援目前我国对土壤有机收稿日期院圆园员猿鄄员员鄄员源曰修订日期院圆园员猿鄄员圆鄄猿园基金项目院公益性行业渊农业冤科研专项渊圆园员员园猿园园缘鄄怨袁圆园员猿园猿员园源冤曰野十二五冶国家科技支撑计划项目渊圆园员源月粤员远月园远袁圆园员源月粤员远月园圆冤曰国家现代农业产业技术体系项目渊悦粤砸杂鄄圆愿冤曰国家科技支撑计划项目渊圆园员源月粤阅员远月园远袁圆园员源月粤阅员远月园圆冤陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目渊圆园员员运栽在月园圆鄄园圆鄄园缘冤曰西北农林科技大学推广专项渊在圆圆圆园圆员圆员员冤曰陕西省农业专项渊运猿猿圆园圆员猿员猿冤作者简介院贾曼莉渊员怨愿远耀冤女袁硕士研究生袁主要研究方向为生态环境工程袁耘鄄皂葬蚤造院躁蚤葬皂葬灶造蚤怨缘园员圆愿岳员圆远郾糟燥皂鄢通讯联系人袁耘鄄皂葬蚤造院造怎澡怎蚤噪藻岳灶憎泽怎枣援藻凿怎援糟灶活性咱员员袁员圆暂以及土壤酶的活性咱员猿袁员源暂袁这些变化必然环摇摇境摇摇科摇摇学咱员远暂猿缘卷地咱员苑暂和湿地咱员愿袁员怨暂等袁关于果园生草土壤有机碳矿生草条件下果园土壤肥力状况并筛选出更加适宜碳矿化的研究侧重于林地咱员缘暂尧水稻土尧沙管理措施保持一致援化的研究比较少见援本研究旨在从机制角度了解改善果园土壤生态环境的草种袁以期为进一步探讨生草对果园土壤碳收支的影响尧生草果园生态系统对全球碳循环的影响尧苹果园土壤生草科学管理尧土壤养分的科学管理和果园生草推广提供理论依据和数据支撑援员摇材料与方法员郾员摇试验区概况试验区是白水县中部杜康镇塬面西北农林科技大学苹果试验站果园袁位于渭北黄土高原苹果代表猿缘毅园源忆耀猿缘毅圆苑忆袁属暖温带大陆性季风气候袁平均海皂皂袁降水年际变化大袁年内分配不均袁日照充足袁光均匀袁多年平均气温员员郾源益袁多年平均降水量缘苑苑郾愿产区白水县袁地处东经员园怨毅员远忆耀员园怨毅源缘忆袁北纬糟皂尧员园耀圆园糟皂和圆园耀源园糟皂土层土样袁同一采样点清除表层凋落物袁用土钻分别采集园耀缘糟皂尧缘耀员园圆园员圆年苑月在各处理区随机布设猿个采样点袁同一层次土壤混匀作为员个样品袁共猿远个样袁土样去除根系尧枯落物袁分成两个部分袁一部分自然风干袁用于测定土壤基本理化性质和土壤酶活性袁另一部分装入冰袋立即运回实验室用于土壤有机碳矿化员郾猿摇试验方法的室内培养测定援土壤有机碳矿化培养院将样品在猿园益恒温培养箱中预培养一周袁以使土壤从源益状态下恢复到常温状态袁使各种条件相对一致援称取圆园早预培养过的鲜土置于广口瓶底部袁用蒸馏水调土壤含水量至园郾园员皂燥造窑蕴原员晕葬韵匀溶液袁并置于广口瓶内袁加盖密封袁置于猿园益的恒温培养箱中培养袁每个样设置猿个重复袁每次用称重法矫正土壤含水量援分别在培养的第员尧猿尧缘尧苑尧员园尧员猿尧员苑尧圆猿尧猿员凿袁取出装有碱液的吸收瓶袁加入圆皂蕴员皂燥造窑蕴原员月葬悦造圆溶液和田间持水量的远园豫袁在缘园皂蕴吸收瓶装入圆园皂蕴拔愿缘园皂左右袁土壤为黄绵土袁土层深厚袁剖面质地热资源丰富袁无霜期圆园苑凿援苹果品种为员猿葬生乔化栽植密度猿皂伊愿皂援红富士渊富士辕新疆野苹果酝葬造怎泽凿藻皂藻泽贼蚤糟葬月燥则噪澡冤袁员郾圆摇试验设计与土壤样品采集渊栽则蚤枣燥造蚤怎皂则藻责藻灶泽冤间作尧苹果M小冠花渊悦燥则燥灶蚤造造葬选取苹果园清耕渊糟造藻葬则贼蚤造造葬早藻冤尧苹果M白三叶两滴酚酞指示剂用园郾员皂蕴窑蕴原员盐酸滴定至微红色袁测定土壤中悦韵圆鄄悦的释放量援土壤有机碳用重铬酸钾容量法渊外加热冤测定曰土壤责匀值直接用责匀计进行测定袁水土比圆郾缘颐员曰土壤全氮用凯氏法消解袁凯氏定氮仪测定曰速效钾用醋酸铵浸提袁火焰分光光度法测定曰轻组有机碳用碘化钠提取袁在岛津栽韵悦鄄杂杂酝鄄缘园园园粤碳分析仪上测定曰土壤蔗糖酶和纤维素酶用猿袁缘鄄二硝基水杨酸比色法测定曰过氧化氢酶用高锰酸钾滴定法曰土壤脲酶用靛酚比色法测定援各处理土壤的基本性质见表员援增葬则蚤葬蕴援冤间作猿种管理模式渊下文分别用对照尧白三叶和小冠花简称冤袁每个模式重复猿次袁共怨个小区袁每小区面积是猿园皂圆渊远棵苹果树冤袁圆园园缘年猿月开沟条播袁播种密度为园郾苑缘早窑皂原圆袁每年刈割圆耀猿进行间生草播种袁现已持续生草苑葬袁播前深翻整地袁次袁覆盖于苹果树行间袁各处理区的生态条件和田间表员摇猿个处理土壤理化性质土壤深度缘耀员园员园耀圆园圆园耀源园容重原猿员郾员怨员郾圆源员郾猿园土壤责匀愿郾圆圆愿郾员怨愿郾圆源土壤全氮原员园郾苑愿园郾远苑园郾缘圆土壤有机碳原员员缘郾园圆员猿郾怨苑员员郾愿源速效钾原员员员远郾猿圆怨怨郾缘远愿员郾远源怨猿郾猿猿愿怨郾愿猿愿缘郾猿猿苑苑郾员苑苑员郾猿猿远远郾园园远圆郾远苑轻组有机碳原员远郾猿圆圆郾员缘员郾源缘不同处理白三叶小冠花园耀缘缘耀员园员园耀圆园圆园耀源园园耀缘缘耀员园员园耀圆园员郾员源员郾圆苑员郾圆愿员郾猿源员郾猿园员郾猿圆员郾猿怨愿郾员远愿郾员愿愿郾员怨愿郾圆员愿郾员远愿郾员源愿郾员苑园郾怨圆园郾苑员园郾远缘园郾缘愿园郾远苑园郾远圆园郾缘愿员源郾怨苑员源郾怨猿员猿郾苑愿员圆郾远源员员郾远源员员郾远园员员郾缘愿苑郾园缘缘郾源猿员郾远缘园郾缘苑员郾源苑员郾园愿园郾愿源对照员郾源摇数据处理态咱圆园暂院应用一级动力学方程分析土壤有机碳矿化动赠越悦责渊员原藻原噪贼冤日矿化率迅速上升袁在第猿凿达到最大值袁之后大幅度下降袁愿凿后日矿化率较低且趋于稳定援由于不同处理条件下尧不同土层土壤有机碳的数量和稳定性存在差异袁有机碳日矿化率也不同援在培养园耀缘糟皂跃缘耀员园糟皂跃员园耀圆园糟皂跃圆园耀源园糟皂袁圆初期袁相同处理不同土层有机碳日矿化率表现为院个生草处理园耀缘糟皂土层有机碳日矿化率显著高于另猿层袁这猿层间差异不显著袁对照处理不同土层有机碳矿化率差异不显著援不同处理条件下土壤有机碳矿化率大小顺序为院白三叶跃小冠花跃对照袁相同土层袁白三叶和小冠花处理土壤有机碳矿化率差异不显著袁对照处理与圆个生草处理差异显著援随着培养时间的增加袁不同处理不同土层间的差异逐渐减小袁土壤有机碳日矿化率趋于稳定援有机碳矿化速率常数渊凿原员冤袁贼为天数渊凿冤袁赠为培养时间贼时累积土壤有机碳矿化悦量渊早窑噪早原员冤援所有数据采用耘曾糟藻造和杂孕杂杂员愿郾园处理援式中袁悦责为土壤有机碳矿化悦潜力渊早窑噪早原员冤袁噪为圆摇结果与分析圆郾员郾员摇土壤有机碳矿化速率圆郾员摇各处理土壤有机碳矿化动态图员为不同处理土壤有机碳矿化率随培养时间的动态变化规律援各处理源个土层土壤有机碳日矿化率呈现明显的特征院培养初期袁土壤有机碳图员摇不同生草果园土壤有机碳日矿化率云蚤早援员摇阅葬蚤造赠葬增藻则葬早藻葬皂燥怎灶贼燥枣杂韵悦皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶蚤灶猿贼则藻葬贼皂藻灶贼泽圆郾员郾圆摇土壤有机碳累积矿化量一定时间内土壤有机碳矿化为无机碳后所释放的土壤有机碳累积矿化释放的悦韵圆鄄悦量是指院在碳累积矿化量大小趋势一致院白三叶跃小冠花跃对照袁大小顺序与猿个处理有机碳含量渊表员冤趋势一致援培养前猿凿袁白三叶尧小冠花和对照有机碳累计圆园郾圆耀员愿愿郾员皂早窑噪早原员袁培养苑凿后袁猿个处理有机碳累计矿化量的变化范围分别是员愿怨郾远耀缘怨园尧员源缘耀矿化量的变化范围分别是员员郾远耀猿员愿尧愿郾怨耀圆苑愿和窑噪早原员干土计冤袁它是土悦韵圆数量渊以悦韵圆鄄悦释放皂早壤有机碳矿化速率的表征之一咱圆员暂援图圆表明不同处理土壤有机碳累积矿化量在不同矿化阶段存在一定差异援猿个处理在垂直方向上变化趋势一致院土壤有机碳累积矿化量随土层加深而呈不同程度的减小袁增加速率先快后慢袁相同土层不同处理土壤有机缘源员郾圆猿和员园苑郾愿耀猿远苑郾远怨皂早窑噪早原员袁与对照比较生草显著提高土壤有机碳累积矿化量袁但是白三叶与小冠花样地土壤有机碳累积矿化量差异不显著援环摇摇境摇摇科摇摇学猿缘卷图圆摇不同生草果园土壤有机碳累积矿化量云蚤早援圆摇粤糟糟怎皂怎造葬贼蚤增藻葬皂燥怎灶贼燥枣杂韵悦皂蚤灶藻则葬造蚤扎葬贼蚤燥灶蚤灶猿贼赠责藻泽燥枣泽燥蚤造圆郾圆摇土壤有机碳矿化拟合运用一级动力学方程对猿个处理土壤有机碳矿化动态进行拟合袁拟合参数渊悦责和噪值冤和决定系数见表圆袁拟合效果较好援不同处理各土层土壤有机碳圆郾苑源早窑噪早原员袁相同处理上层土壤有机碳矿化碳潜力显著高于下层土壤袁白三叶处理园耀缘糟皂与缘耀员园糟皂之间差异不显著渊孕跃园郾园缘冤袁对照处理员园耀圆园糟皂与圆园耀源园糟皂差异不显著渊孕跃园郾园缘冤曰相同土层矿化碳潜力渊悦责冤存在一定差异袁变化范围园郾圆缘圆耀加土壤固碳能力均增强袁变化趋势与有机碳累计矿化量相同袁说明果园生草后在垂直水平上没有改变土壤固碳能力变化趋势袁相同土层不同处理间土壤有机碳矿化率顺序为院白三叶跃小冠花跃对照袁对照处理土壤固碳能力最强袁小冠花处理次之袁白三叶处理最弱袁果园生草后减弱了土壤的固碳能力援圆郾猿摇土壤有机碳矿化与土壤酶活性之间的关系表猿为猿个处理不同土层土壤酶活性袁源种酶活性随着土层加深呈不同程度的减弱袁同一土层圆生草处理源种酶活性显著渊孕约园郾园缘冤高于对照处理袁说明生草明显促进土壤酶活性袁过氧化氢酶尧蔗糖酶尧脲酶和纤维素酶活性各土层大小顺序院白三叶跃小冠花跃对照援土壤中过氧化氢酶尧脲酶尧蔗糖酶和纤维素酶参与土壤中碳循环袁对土壤有机碳的分解和转化起着重要作用咱圆猿暂袁因此对猿个处理源种土壤酶活性与糟皂跃圆园耀源园糟皂袁生草处理和清耕处理随着土层增不同处理土壤悦责有显著差异袁圆个生草处理显著高表示有机碳矿化速率常数袁其范围园郾园员怨耀园郾园缘员处理不同土层间悦责辕杂韵悦值大小顺序为院园耀缘糟皂跃于清耕处理渊孕约园郾园缘冤袁生草显著影响悦责值援噪值凿原员援悦责辕杂韵悦值能反映土壤有机碳矿化能力袁相同缘耀员园糟皂跃员园耀圆园糟皂跃圆园耀源园糟皂袁白三叶处理园耀悦责辕杂韵悦值表现为白三叶跃小冠花跃对照援缘糟皂土层比缘耀员园糟皂土层略微偏小袁可能因为园耀缘糟皂土层有机碳含量较高袁相同土层不同处理间碳矿化释放的悦韵圆鄄悦含量占土壤有机碳含量的比土壤有机碳矿化率是指在一定时间内土壤有机土壤有机碳潜在矿化碳潜力渊悦责冤尧矿化速率常数结果见表源袁猿个处理源种酶活性与悦责和土壤有机关渊孕约园郾园员冤袁只有白三叶处理悦责值与过氧化氢酶以及对照处理悦责值与蔗糖酶没达到显著水平袁圆个生草处理源种酶与悦责值和土壤有机碳累积矿化渊噪冤和有机碳累积矿化量进行孕藻葬则泽燥灶相关性分析袁以反映土壤的固碳能力袁分配比例越低袁固碳能力越强袁反之能力较弱援猿个处理土壤有机碳矿化率在垂直方向上变化趋势院园耀缘糟皂跃缘耀员园糟皂跃员园耀圆园例袁是表征土壤有机碳矿化速率的指标之一咱圆圆暂援可碳累积矿化量分别达到显著渊孕约园郾园缘冤或极显著相表圆摇土壤有机碳矿化拟合参数及决定系数员冤土壤深度缘耀员园员园耀圆园圆园耀源园员郾缘苑猿依园郾圆远远葬员郾园圆源依园郾圆源远遭园郾远园苑依园郾员圆员糟摇摇摇摇摇摇不同处理拟合参数白三叶小冠花园耀缘缘耀员园员园耀圆园圆园耀源园园耀缘缘耀员园员园耀圆园圆郾苑源园员郾缘圆苑园郾苑远园园郾源苑愿园郾缘远远园郾源圆怨园郾猿园怨依园郾远远苑凿依员郾苑园苑葬依园郾圆圆怨糟依园郾员怨缘藻依园郾园苑苑糟依园郾园怨愿藻依园郾园缘员枣园郾园员怨园郾园圆猿园郾园猿怨园郾园缘园园郾园源远园郾园源缘园郾园缘员园郾园圆员依园郾园远缘园郾园圆缘依园郾园园远园郾园猿源依园郾园园猿依园郾园园远依园郾园员远依园郾园员远依园郾园猿源依园郾园园愿依园郾园猿猿依园郾园圆远园郾怨怨园郾怨怨园郾怨怨园郾怨怨园郾怨愿园郾怨苑园郾怨远园郾怨怨园郾怨怨园郾怨愿员园郾缘苑郾猿缘郾员有机碳矿化率猿郾猿圆郾猿圆郾园员愿郾猿员园郾圆缘郾缘猿郾怨源郾怨猿郾苑圆郾苑猿郾远圆郾苑圆郾员员郾缘猿郾圆圆郾圆员郾缘对照员冤小写字母表示不同处理不同层次土壤间悦责的比较袁字母相同的表示差异不显著渊孕跃园郾园缘冤袁字母不同的表示差异显著渊孕约园郾园缘冤曰悦责和噪分别为土壤有机碳矿化碳潜力和土壤有机碳矿化速率常数表猿摇不同处理不同土层土壤酶活性员冤土壤深度辕糟皂园耀缘不同处理小冠花对照白三叶对照白三叶过氧化氢酶辕皂蕴窑早原员园郾远缘圆依园郾园园苑葬园郾远苑圆依园郾园员猿葬蔗糖酶辕皂早窑早原员圆园郾缘圆员依园郾远怨员葬脲酶辕皂早窑早原员纤维素酶辕皂早窑早原员圆郾猿圆愿依园郾员员员葬圆郾园圆园依园郾员怨圆葬园郾源猿圆依园郾园源源遭园郾缘愿缘依园郾园员猿葬园郾缘怨缘依园郾园怨远葬糟员愿郾园愿远依园郾苑猿苑遭怨郾员苑园员依园郾苑圆园糟员苑郾猿猿苑依员郾园苑缘遭圆郾缘缘缘依园郾圆愿圆葬圆郾园圆源依园郾圆缘圆遭园郾怨远怨依园郾园苑愿糟园郾愿怨员依园郾园源猿遭员郾苑圆怨依园郾园猿缘糟员郾源员圆依园郾员远源凿缘耀员园小冠花白三叶对照园郾猿圆苑依园郾园远猿凿园郾缘园愿依园郾员圆怨葬遭园郾圆怨员依园郾园源苑凿园郾猿怨苑依园郾园源苑遭园郾圆缘源依园郾园园员凿园郾源圆愿依园郾园源苑遭园郾缘员苑依园郾园源猿遭糟员源郾愿园苑依员郾园园苑凿圆郾员猿缘依园郾员圆员葬愿郾员猿员依园郾苑园源糟枣园郾远怨怨依园郾园缘苑遭员郾员怨员依园郾园愿苑糟员郾愿缘缘依园郾园苑远遭园郾源源怨依园郾园员怨藻员郾员愿猿依园郾园怨圆糟员郾远缘怨依园郾圆猿猿凿园郾苑猿怨依园郾园源园遭藻员郾园园苑依园郾园猿圆遭员郾圆苑园依园郾园怨愿凿园郾缘怨猿依园郾员圆怨藻枣园郾怨园园依园郾园缘圆遭员园耀圆园小冠花白三叶对照员圆郾远源源依园郾苑缘愿藻远郾苑愿怨依园郾愿缘远枣员源郾远圆园依员郾员猿员凿藻圆园耀源园小冠花员圆郾缘愿猿依园郾怨苑愿藻怨郾怨怨怨依园郾远圆远糟源郾远怨怨依园郾缘园猿早园郾愿怨缘依园郾园愿圆糟园郾猿源员依园郾园苑圆藻园郾远圆源依园郾园苑苑藻园郾源圆远依园郾园缘圆枣员冤小写字母表示不同处理不同层次土壤间土壤酶活性的比较袁字母相同的表示差异不显著渊孕跃园郾园缘冤袁字母不同的表示差异显著渊孕约园郾园缘冤表源摇土壤悦责尧噪和杂韵悦累积矿化量与土壤酶活性之间的关系员冤渊灶越员圆冤小冠花噪白三叶噪园郾园愿圆原园郾园缘愿园郾员缘怨对照噪土壤酶过氧化氢酶蔗糖酶脲酶纤维素酶悦责园郾缘苑园郾苑源远鄢鄢园郾缘愿怨鄢园郾苑苑苑鄢鄢累积矿化量园郾苑远猿园郾怨猿怨鄢鄢园郾怨员愿鄢鄢鄢鄢悦责累积矿化量园郾怨员鄢鄢园郾愿怨远鄢鄢鄢鄢悦责累积矿化量园郾苑猿缘鄢鄢园郾苑圆怨鄢鄢鄢鄢员冤鄢表示在园郾园缘水平下显著相关袁鄢鄢表示园郾园员在水平下显著相关园郾苑员苑鄢鄢园郾远远缘鄢鄢鄢鄢原园郾缘园圆原园郾远员远鄢园郾源源愿园郾缘愿园鄢鄢原园郾园圆源园郾园员远量的孕藻葬则泽燥灶相关系数均大于对照处理袁圆个生草处理悦责值和有机碳累积矿化量与蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性的相关系数大于其与脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的相关系数袁说明蔗糖酶和纤维素酶与土壤有机碳矿化相关性较大袁小冠花处理有机碳矿化速率常数与源种酶活性是负相关袁与过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性显著负相关渊孕约园郾园缘冤袁另圆个处理土壤酶活性与有机碳矿化速率常数相关性规律不强援猿摇讨论土壤有机碳矿化是土壤中重要的生物化学过程袁直接关系到土壤养分元素的释放与供应尧悦韵圆包含各类专业文献、高等教育、各类资格考试、专业论文、行业资料、中学教育、文学作品欣赏、外语学习资料、渭北生草果园土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤酶活性的关系83等内容。　
　C 研究表明, WSOC 的δ 13 13 C 值与土壤有机...释放出微生物生表 1 水溶性有机碳的提取方法 土...WSOC 和土壤矿化 N 的含量成对数相关, 当矿 化 ... 　可以看出微生 物的种类与农田的有机质有很大的关系...氮是土壤氮索矿化 势的重要组成部分.土壤酶活性在...草田土,而棕钙土、红壤、硅红 壤及滨海盐土相对... 　(6-04 土壤活性有机碳指在一定时空条件下,受植 物、微生物影响强烈、具有一定溶解性、在土壤中 动比较快、丌稳定、易氧化、分解、易矿化,其 ... 　3.掌握土壤有机质与土壤腐殖质概念,二者有何异同。...的内容及相互关系,组成土壤腐殖质最基本的物质有哪 ...两个过程没有截然的界限,矿化过程的中间产物是合成... 　 CO2 排放是一个很复杂的问题,会影响国计民 生。...因素包括:土壤侵 蚀,土壤结构破坏,有机质的矿化和...土壤有机碳含量与土壤质 量和农业生产力密切相关。... 　土壤有机质是指存在于土壤中所含碳的有机物质, ...两个过程没有截然的界限,矿化过程的中间产物是合成...腐殖酸尤其是富里 酸以及其他的有机酸类,与土壤中... 　活性有机碳和有机碳的矿化以及单一树种 林地土壤有机碳分布的研究方面[11-15]...有机碳与土壤总有机碳的关系,旨在揭示六盘山林地土壤团聚体有机碳的分布特征... 　土壤溶解有机碳只占森林土壤有机质的很少一 部分,但它与土壤有机质的其它组分...(labile carbon)可矿化碳 、(miner liable carbon) 、 活性有机碳 (active ...}