那动词短语的形式：动词加介词之间可以加宾格和代词吗？ - 叫阿莫西中心 - 中国网络使得骄傲马戏中心！
那动词短语的形式：动词加介词之间可以加宾格和代词吗？
动词加名词或代词加介词的短语 速求！！！_百度知道
动词加名词或代词加介词的短语 速求！！！
动词加名词）boiled eggsfried chicken wings代词加介词
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我给你总结一下:♣means常用短语by means of通过….., 靠……by this means/ in this way用这种方法by no means/in no case决不by all means用一切办法♣keep常用短语keep up with紧跟…..keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做keep sb. from doing sth.阻止…..做……keep off the grass勿踏草地keep to the point紧扣主题keep in touch with与……保持联系♣mark常用短语make one’s mark成功、出名be marked with标明gain/get full marks for ……得满分♣seat常用短语take one’s seat坐下have a seat请坐see/find sb. seated看见/发现某人坐在….be seated就座, 坐着seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在……♣部分动词+ to + doing 的用法look forward to get down to object to devote… to… pay attention to prefer…to…♣give常用短语give up放弃 give in让步\屈服give off 散发出give away赠送、泄漏 give rise to 引起……give out 疲劳、用完、散发出♣fit常用短语be fit for适合keep fit/keep healthy保持健康be fit to do 适合于…..fit in with适应……a nice fit合身的衣服…fit sb.某人穿….. 合身♣reach 常用短语reach an agreement达成协议reach for…伸手去拿/够……within / out of reach够得到/够不着reach sb’s understanding 使某人明白♣feed常用短语feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用……喂养……be fed up of…/ be tired of…/ be bored with… 对……感到厌倦feed on以……为食♣mercy常用短语without mercy残忍地have mercy on /upon 对……表示怜悯at the mercy of任凭摆布beg for mercy 乞求饶恕♣ exist常用短语exist in/lie in/consist in存在于……in existence 现存的come into existence/ come into being 形成♣ opinion常用短语in one’s opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看来have a high/ low opinion of 对……评价高/低give one’s opinion on 对……谈自己的看法♣ persuade常用短语persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing 说服某人做某事try to persuade sb. to do 试图说服某人做某事persuade sb. to sth. 说服某人同意某事♣ engage 常用短语be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚be engaged in sth. = be engaged doing sth. 忙于……, 从事某事♣wide 与broad 的区别它们均可以表“宽”和“广阔的”a river 50 feet wide/ broad指身体部位“宽肩、宽背”一般用broad, 表示“睁大眼睛、张大嘴巴”一般用wide。broad shoulders/ back with wide eyes open one’s mouth wide wide 还可以作副词，表示“完全、大大地”be wide awake be wide open♣ sure常用短语be sure of/about 对……由把握be sure to do sth. 肯定会……make sure + that-clause 务必……,一定要……make sure of… 弄清楚……♣ experience 常用短语have experience in… 在……有经验be experienced in… 在……有经验♣ pain 常用短语take great pains to do 努力做某事spare no pains to do 全力以赴做某事♣ stick 常用短语stick to sth. 坚持……stick …on… 粘贴……be stuck in … 陷进……stick no bills 请勿张贴♣ spare 常用短语spare money/time for 省出钱…，腾出时间in one’s spare time 在某人业余时间spare no efforts to do 不遗余力去做don’t spare the opinions 不要保留意见♣ put down的不同含义put down (one’s knife and fork) 放下……pit down the rebellion 镇压put down what sb. says 记下，写下♣take up 的不同含义 take up a hobby 培养……take up football 开始……take up the work 继续……take up…time/space 消耗,占据……take up a post 就职take up a song/ cry 跟着一起……♣ habit 常用短语form/get the habit of 养成……习惯be in/have the habit of 有…….习惯get into the habit of 沾染了……恶习get rid of the habit= grow out of the habit= break away from the habit改掉了……习惯
动词加名词:fold the clothesclean the floormake progressgo swiminghave sports do some washing~~~后半个问题是动词加代词？动词加介词？代词加介词？
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你可能喜欢英语的词性简写：名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、代词等
英语的词性简写：名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、代词等
名词(Nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词（ProperNouns）和普通名词(CommonNouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。动词1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（NotionalVerb）、系动词（LinkVerb）、助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）、情态动词（ModalVerb）。还可以分成及物动词和不及物动词说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：Wearehavingameeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。）HehasgonetoNewYork.他已去纽约。（has是助动词。）3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（TransitiveVerb）、不及物动词（IntransitiveVerb），缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：Shecandanceandsing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（FiniteVerb）、非限定动词（Non-finiteVerb）例如：Shesingsverywell.她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.她想学好英语。（tolearn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-WordVerb）、短语动词（PhrasalVerb）、动词短语（VerbalPhrase）例如：TheEnglishlanguagecontainsmanyphrasalverbsandverbalphrases.英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）Studentsshouldlearntolookupnewwordsindictionaries.学生们学会查字典。（lookup是短语动词。）Theyoungoughttotakecareoftheold.年轻人应照料老人。（takecareof是动词短语。）6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（OriginalForm）、第三人称单数形式（SingularForminThirdPersonal）、过去式（PastForm）、过去分词（PastParticiple）、现在分词（PresentParticiple）。代词pronoun简称pron是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。形容词(adjective)，简称adj.或a.，很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词，表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否。副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类：并列连词.转折连词.选择连词和因果连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句、句子。如：and,but(但是;通常用not...but...--而是;可是,然而;表示惊讶,不同意等--喔,哇;用来加强语句重复部分的语气--一定;用来引入新话题--那就;常用于否定句--而不,若不;用于含doubt,question等字的否定句中相当于that--对于),or(或者,还是;用于否定句--也不;否则,要不然;也就是说,换言之),nor(用在neither之后--也不;用在no,not,never之后--也不;用在句首,句子需倒装--也不),so(因此,所以;因而,从而),therefore(因此,因而,所以),yet(可是,却,然而),however(然而,可是,不过;无论如何,不管怎样;不管用什么方法;究竟怎样,到底如何),for(因为,由于),hence(因此,由此),aswellas(不但,而且;和...一样,和,也),both…and(既...又...;不但...而且),notonly…butalso(不但,而且),either…or(不是...就是;要么...要么),neither…nor(既不...也不...),(and)then(那么)等等。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词，
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外语领域专家定语从句_百度百科
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从句一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后先行词进行修饰限定所以叫做在主句中充当定语成分
被修饰的词叫定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况它需要放在被修饰的词即先行词之后定语从句由关系词关系代词关系副词引导关系代词关系副词位于定语从句句首　　　　关系代词引导的定语从句　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词并在句中充当主语宾语定语等成分关系代词在定语从句中作主语时从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致　　1who, whom, that　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词在从句中所起作用如下　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?　　他就是想见你的人吗who/that在从句中作主语　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.　　他就是我昨天见的那个人whom/that在从句中作宾语　　2) Whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语, 若指物它还可以同of which互换, 例如　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了大家都跑过去帮忙　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书　　3which, that　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词在从句中可作主语宾语等例如　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣which / that在句中作主语　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了(which / that在句中作宾语　　关系副词引导的定语从句　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间地点或理由的名词在从句中作状语　　1when, where, why　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于&介词+ which&结构因此常常和&介词+ which&结构交替使用例如　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗　　2that代替关系副词　　that可以用于表示时间地点方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和&介词+ which&引导的定语从句在口语中that常被省略例如　　His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方　　判断关系代词与关系副词　　　方法一 用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词及物动词后面无宾语就必须要求用关系代词而不及物动词则要求用关系副词例如　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　　I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　　判断改错注先显示题再显示答案横线用不同的颜色表示 出　　错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　　错 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　　对 This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.　　对 I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起此两题错在关系词的误用上　　方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主谓宾定状)也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.指被定语从句修饰的名词代词
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面关联词常有2个作用
①连接作用引导定语从句
②代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分
注关系代词有主语宾语定语之分一般who做主语或其形式的whom做宾语whose作为定语whom可省略whose不可省略关系代词在从句中作主语宾语定语等关系副词在从句中作地点状语where时间状语when原因状语why定语用来修饰名词或代词是对名词或代词起修饰限定作用的词短语动词不定式短语动名词表示的汉语中常用……的表示主要由形容词担任此外不定式以及也可以来担任也可以由一个句子来担任单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前作前置定语短语从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后作后置定语
被定语从句修饰的名词代词称为如the girlthe book
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩
这就是一个定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词并在从句中充当主语宾语定语等成分关系代词在定语从句中作主语时从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
1who, whom, that
限定性定语从句中的关系代词
whom/that(可省略)
which/that
which/that(可省略)
指人和物thatthatwhose非限定性定语从句中的关系代词
whose/of whom
whose/of which
只能用that的情况
先行词为everythingalllittlemuch等不定代词时
先行词被alleverynoanysomelittlemuchone修饰时
先行词被the onlythe verythe samethe last修饰时
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时
先行词有人又有物时
当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时
不能用that的情况
介词前置时
非限定性定语从句中
多用who不用that的情况
先行词为allanyoneoneones时
先行词为thosehe和people时
这些词代替指人whom在定语从句中指人&who&和that既可作主语又可作宾语作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whomthat可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 在从句中所起作用如下
1Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗who/that在从句中作主语
2He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人whom/that在从句中作宾语
3The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师whom在从句中作宾语
注who在定语从句中指人作主语和宾语作宾语时可省略做及物动词或介词的宾语可省略
2,whichthat 用来指物有六种情况只可用that而不用which
(用作主语宾语作宾语时可以省略例如
1The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣which/that在从句中作主语
2The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了which/that在从句中作宾语
注which在定语从句中指物可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语作宾语时可省略that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物在定语从句中作主语宾语和表语作宾语时可省略指人时相当于who或whom指物时相当于which作介词宾语时介词不可提到that前当介词提前时需要用which或whom来代替
(只用作定语)
whose表示谁可以为人也可以为物的东西
例A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿whose parents表示那个孩子的双亲
He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的whose表示那个房子的窗户
关系代词在句中作或
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人which代表事物它们在从句中作主语或宾语作宾语可省略that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词which在从句省略[egThis is the book whichyou want.]
2.如果which在从句中作不及物动词+介词的介词的宾语注意介词不要丢掉而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面但有的则放在它前面的位置
3. 代表物时的that常被省略
c被形容词最高级修饰时既有人又有物时
e整个句中前面已有whichwhy行
关系副词在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which介词同先行词搭配
when=during/ on/ in/……
1. where是关系副词当然也不用that引导
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候我们在那里已经待了两个星期
I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带着生活必需品如毛巾肥皂牙刷等其他东西
2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时常用there is开头
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话
分作进一步说明通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1why
关系副词why主要用于修饰表原因的名词主要是the reason同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语如
We dont know the reason why he didnt show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来
She didnt tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因
与关系副词when和where不同why可以换成that或省略如
Thats one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一
另外与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样why只能引导限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句如
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒
误The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.
正The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.(同位语从句)
关系when主要用于修饰表时间的同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语如
There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了
Well put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期那时天气可能会好一点
注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分如果在定语从句中用作时间状语就用when如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语而是用作主语或宾语那就不能用when而要用that, which等如
Dont forget the time (that, which) Ive told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语正因为是用作宾语所以也可以省略
关系副词where主要用于修饰表地点的名词同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语如
This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子
Thats the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.在奥伯里工作每天得坐公共汽车去上班
与前面when的情况一样注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分如果在定语从句中用作地点状语就用where如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语而是用作主语或宾语那就不能用where而要用that, which等如
He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作限定性定语从句
对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用使该词的含义更具体更明确限制性定语从句不能被省略否则句意就不完整例如I met some one who said he know you.
在引导限定性定语从句时that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which
1Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处
2I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐而他恰恰与我相反
3We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了
在限定性定语从句中当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时关系代词可省略
1The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在读的书很有趣
2Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用缺少也不会影响全句的理解在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开如
1The house,which I bought last year,has a lovely garden.　我去年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园
2This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人
1.可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数例如
1He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思这使我心烦
2Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽这就叫做蒸发
2. 在非限定定语从句中有时as也可用作关系代词若as在从句中作主语其引导的句子可以放在句首也可以放在句中例如
1The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样这个男孩取得了大的进步
2 As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家
3. 在非限定性定语从句中不能用从句做主语
1The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的
2I helped an old man who lost his way yesterday . 昨天我帮助了一个迷路的老人一先行词和关系词
1Whoever spits in public will be punished here.Whoever可以用anyone who代替
2The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. what可以用all that代替
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了是因为定语从句一定要有先行词而名词性从句没有将Whoeverwhat分别用Anyone whoall that代替后才是定语从句先行词分别是Anyoneall
An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it　B. that　C. which　D. he
a选项it使前后成为两个句子中间无连词连接语法错误b项that此为非限定性从句不能用that修饰c选项whichwhich在从句中做主语用来代指前面的这件事d选项he前半句中是her boss所以不正确
2The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it
A选项不能用来引导定语从句C选项只能引导限定性定语从句而D选项习惯上并不适用
3It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. that　B. which　C. as　D. it
as和which在引导非限宾语但不同之处主要有两点
1importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里有些名词可以具有形容词的性质这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份职业状态的名词值得一提的是在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom
2动词短语先行成分
这种动词短语既可是形式也可是非限定形式如果是动态动词短语它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替do可以出现也可以不出现但不能用其它动词代替
3句子作先行
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句有时是连续几个句子有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事
二as/which特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况
1. 形容词作先行成分时形容词的which特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后
2. 动词短语作先行成分时as / which特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后但是当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时as特殊
3. 句子作先行成分时as特殊定语从句的位置较灵活可以置于先行成分之前之中或之后但如果先行成分是直接引语as特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示合乎自然规律众所周知或经常发生等意义的词语如natural, known to all, usual等
4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义而which特殊定语从句则无状语意义as特殊定四关系代词as与which一词如
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
1). Which作主语时谓语动词不限主动被动皆可只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略
2). as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中
3). as和which在特殊从句中作补语如
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
as特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装which从句中则不能主谓倒装
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语关系代词用which而不用as如
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
5.&as&用法
1).&as&引导限制性定语从句
a.&such....as&
He is not such a fool as he looks.
I have never heard such a story as he tells.
b.&the same ....as&
This is the same book as I lost last week.
(区分&the same...as&与&the same....that&两者都引导定语从句that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类而非同一个举例①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样)
c.&as...as&
As many children as came were given some cakes.
2).&as&引导非限制性定语从句
常用句式:as is said above 综上所述
as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 通常如此
as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的
6. which在特殊从定法
1不用that的情况
cThe tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2只能用that引导如先行词被last,just修饰时只用that
d先行词为序数词数容词又有人和物时
f先行词指物在主句中作是the way或the reason时that可作关系副词也可省略
h主句的主语是疑问词who /which时避免重复要用that
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的书吗
Who that break the window should be punished
谁打碎了窗户谁该受罚
All that needed is a supply of oil.
所需的是石油供应
The thief gave out everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察
定语从句只能that引导的情况
1先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.
2先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3先行词是不定代词时如&allfewlittlemuchanythingnothingsomething&
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.先行词既有人又有物时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
5先行词被onlythe everynoone ofthe right&the same&等修饰
He is the only person that l want to talk to.
6在以whichwhowhom 引起的问句中为避免重复常用&that&
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7there be句型中
8先行词在主句中作表语或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that
that在作宾语时可省略
五区分定语从句和
1定语从句修饰先行词它和先行词是修饰关系
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容是补充说明的关系
1The boy who is playing football is my classmate.定语从句
2定语从句由关系代for advice.
3The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.
4The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.(这是一个表语从句
(六)特殊的定语从句
1)but也可用作关系代词来引导定语从句意思接近于that(who).....not(这种用法已经有些陈旧
There is no tree but bears some fruit.没有不结果实的树
There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不佩服他的才华
Surely there isn't a mother but faces this problem.可以肯定凡是母亲都面临着这个问题
2whereby,wherein,whereupon也可以引导定语从句相当于by which,in which,upon/on which.这种用法已经有些陈旧且仅用于书面语
[定语从句]+关系词
1介词后面的关系副词不能省略
2that前不能有介词
3某些在从句中充当时间地点或原因状语的&介词+关系词&结构可以同关系副词when和where互换例如
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗
Do you remember the day when you joined our club
二介词与关系代词
介词+关系代词的结构
1. 介词+ which在关系分句中分别可作时间地点和原因状语代替相应的关系副词when, where和why如　　①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天　　②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子　　2. 介词+ which指物/whom指人在关系分句中作地点状语表示存在关系关系分句主谓常须倒装如　　①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍前边坐着一个小男孩　　②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人他的头上有一只鸟　　3. 或数词+ of + which指物/whom指人在关系分句中作主语说明整体中的一部分如　　　　①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu. 中国有许多岛屿其中之一是钓鱼岛　　②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 这里有许多学生他们之中无人喜欢这部电影　　4. 介词+ which指物/whom指人在关系分句中作目的方式或地点状语如　　　　①Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat? 你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗　　②The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 这人是一位工程师我是从他那里得到这个消息的　　5. 介词+ which指物/whom指人用于被动结构的关系分句中作状语说明动作的执行者如　　　　①The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了　　②The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一个好猎手　　6. 名词+ of which代替whose +名词在关系分句中作定语如　　　①I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease. 我看见一些树它们的叶子因害病而发黑　　②He mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) Ive forgotten. 他提到一本书书名我忘了　　7. 介词+ which指物/whose指人修饰后边的名词如　　①It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨下了一天一夜就在这期间轮船撞碎了　　②The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps. 司机就是那个男人她从他的房间偷走地图　　8. 介词+ which +不定式此种用法多见于正文体中相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句如　　　　She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有一元八角七分钱用这些钱她给丈夫吉姆买一件礼物分句中分别可作时间地点和原因状语代替相应的关系副词when, where和why如　　①The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子
②Thisis the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来的原因
三介词的正确选择
1. 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择如　　①This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class. (speak of 意为谈论相当于talk about)　　②The two things of which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. (be / feel proud of 为固定短语意为以……自豪)　　2. 根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择如　　　　①Ill never forget the day on which I first met him. (表示具体的某一天介词用on)　　②The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run. 朝……方向介词用in　　3. 有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系如　　　　The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
三介词和关系代词
1介词后面的不能省略
2that前Do you作介词的宾语且可以省略
例如1The schoolthat/whichhe once studied in is very famous.
that/which可以省略= The school in which he once studied is very famous.which不可省略
2 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开介词仍放在短语动词的后面如look for, look after, take care of等T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.T=正确F This is the watch for which I am looking.F=错误
2. 若介词放在前关系代词指人时用whom不可用who或者that指物时用which不能用that关系代词是所有格时用whose
1The man with whom you talked is my friend.TThe man famous.
2I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.
四关系代词一般情况下that可用在从句做主语谓动词的宾语但是不能做介词的宾语which指物在从句中作主语whom在从句中作宾语why在从句中修语先行词通常是the reason有时why也可用for+which代替
例A doctor who looks after people's health.主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词五判断介词和关系代词方法一 用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词后面无宾语就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词而及物动词后接宾语则要求用关系代词
例如　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
判断改错:错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
错 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
对 This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
对 I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A. where　B. that　C. on which　D. the one,解析 主谓宾俱全从句部分为句子的状语表地点既可用副词where又因 in the museum词组可用介词in + which 引导地点状语而此题中介词on 用的不对所以选A
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分先行词在从句中做主宾语时选择关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose 先行词在从句中做状语时应选择关系副词where地点状语when时间状语why原因状语限定性从句和非限定性从句的区别
1从结构上来看限定性从句不能用逗号与先行词分开而非限定性从句却必须用逗号分开引导非限定性从句的关系代词不能省略例如
The clockwhich my great-grandfather bought,is still in good order.
这时钟是我曾祖父买的现 在还是走得很准
2两种形容词性从句往往赋予同一个先行词以不同的含义例如
My sister who lives in London is a doctor.
我住在伦敦的妹妹是医生
My sister,who lives in London,is a doctor.
我的妹妹是一个医生她住在伦敦
3非限定性从句可以把整个主句当作先行词而限定性从句没有这种功能非限定性从句修饰整个主句时只能用which或as来引导例如
I said nothingwhich made him still more angry.
我一声不吭这使他更加生气
He was a Frenchman,as I could tell from his accent.
他是个法国人我从他的口音中可以听出来
He was drunk,which seemed to make a bad impression on the policeman.
他喝醉了这似乎给警察留下了不好的印象关系词
1只用that不用which
1当先行词是或被序数词最高级不定代词修饰时关系词用that
2当先行词既有人又有物时用that
3当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时用that
4当主句中有who或which时为避免重复用that
5当先行词为somethinganythingnothingnonenolittlemuchall等不定代词时用that
2只用who不用that
1如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who
2当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时
3只用which不用that
1当主句先行词后有介词时用which例This is the one of which I'm speaking
3) 描述句中一般用which例Beijingwhich was China's capital for more than 800years
4those +复数名词之后多用which .例Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best
5先行词本身是that时用which1当表示时间或地点的作时要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是或作状语时用关系副词反之用
典型例题I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. which B. when C. that D. when
解析两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导从句.
2当主语为物时不能用what
3there be句型中指人用who指物用that
4当主句中缺少主语或表语时用the one
5当出现先行词+介词时关系词只能用whom或which
6当出现先行词+介词时注意判断介词与从句谓语是否有关系以确定为定语从句
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