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{list wl as x}{/list}非谓语在句子中怎么用的_百度作业帮
非谓语在句子中怎么用的
非谓语在句子中怎么用的
非谓语动词 　　在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词). 1）不定式 时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　 　一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done 　 完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done 2）动名词 时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　 　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done 　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done 3）分词 时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　 　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done 　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done　 　　 　　否定形式： not +不定式,　not + 动名词,　not + 现在分词 1. 下面短语中的to是介词,后面只能跟名词或动名词： devote oneself/one’s time, energy, etc. to(投入……),get down to(着手干……),lead to (通向,导致),object to(反对),pay attention to (注意),look forward to (盼望),be used to (习惯于),stick to (坚持)等. ［误］ His whole family objected to his give up the job. ［正］ His whole family objected to his giving up the job. 2. 下列动词后只能跟不定式： afford, agree, ask, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等. ［误］ He offered helping me. ［正］ He offered to help me. 3. 下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词： admit(承认),appreciate, avoid, can’t help(禁不住), stand(忍受), consider (考虑,打算),enjoy, escape (躲避),excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss（错过）, practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest(建议)等. ［误］ He admitted to break the window. ［正］ He admitted breaking the window. 4. 下列动词后既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词,但含义不同： forget to do (忘记了要干什么) forget doing (忘了干过的事情) regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情) try to do ( 试图干) try doing (尝试干) stop doing (停止干) stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情) mean to do (打算干) mean doing (意味着干) go on to do (继续去干另一件事情) go on doing (继续干同一件事情) ［误］ He regretted to hurt his best friend. ［正］ He regretted hurting his best friend. ［析］表示"后悔干过……",regret后跟动名词. 5. 下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等. ［误］ My father had expected me going to college. ［正］ My father had expected me to go to college. ［析］"期望某人干……"是expect sb. to do sth.. 6. 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to： make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to等. ［误］ The boy was made wash the truck as a punishment. ［正］ The boy was made to wash the truck as a punishment. 7. 在easy, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant等形容词后的不定式用主动形式表示被动含义. ［误］ I find the article difficult to be understood. ［正］ I find the article difficult to understand. 8. 在be worth, want, need, require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义. ［误］ The plant needs be watered. ［正］ The plant needs watering. ［析］need to be done=need doing,动名词主动形式表被动. 9. 由不及物动词构成不定式且不定式与其有逻辑上的动宾关系时,动词的后面需加适当的介词补充说明前面的名词或代词. ［误］ He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry. ［正］ He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry about. ［析］worry是不及物动词,且与前面的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此后面需加介词. 典例调研 例1］ Having passed all the tests , she felt a great weight taking off her mind .taking→taken.此句的意思是"通过了所有的测验,她感到去掉了一块心病".weight 与take off 是动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式,taken off 在句中作宾语补足语. ［例2］In spite of his breaking English ,he can make himself understood. breaking→broken.broken English 表示不连贯的英语. ［例3］I didn’t go to visit the Science Museum on National Day but I hope it soon. it→to. 为了表达简练,我们可把不定式中的动词和后面的部分省略,而仅仅保留不定式符号to. ［例4］ The new college graduate insisted on sent where he was most needed. sent前加being. insist 一词后接从句或on doing 短语,动词send和主语graduate 是动宾关系,所以需用动名词的被动式. 【指导·借鉴】 　　非谓语动词具有灵活多变的特点,大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时,可遵循以下规律： 1. 对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间,确定非谓语动词的时态形式 非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的.一般情况下,如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,我们就用不定式的一般式；如果表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行,我们就用现在分词的一般式或不定式的进行式；如果表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,我们就用现在分词、不定式或动名词的完成式（特殊情况下,也可用动名词的一般式）. 2．辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态 如果非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者,即两者之间存在主谓关系,就用非谓语动词的主动式；如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者,即两者之间存在动宾关系,就用非谓语动词的被动式. 3. 两方面结合,判断时态、语态混合形式 有些非谓语动词的形式把时态和语态的变化融合在一起,这时,我们可以把上述两方面结合起来判断.在非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者的情况下,a)如果非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,就用现在分词的被动式；b)如果动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,就用不定式的被动式；c)如果动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,就用现在分词、动名词或不定式的完成被动式. 强化闯关 1. No computers so far having built can have the same ability as human brains. 2. Guiding by a belief that computers would be valuable tools on every office desktop and in every home, Bill Gates began developing software for personal computers. 3. When Mrs. White goes back to her home after class, she expects Jane, her daughter, to being working at her desk. 4. Never lost faith in himself, the scientist was determined to carry on with the research, no matter what others said. 5. Having worn out after a long walk, Helen called and said that she couldn’t come to the party. 6.Most of the students, surprising at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it. 7. So far, several cases of a disease, knowing as bird flu, are reported to have been found in the country. 8. Everything taking into consideration, they ought to have another chance. 9. If the work be completed by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. 10. The Olympic Games take place in Beijing in 2008 will surely attract reporters of all countries. 答案及解析： 1. 去掉having. 过去分词作后置定语,在本句中表被动概念. 2. Guiding→Guided.过去分词作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句Because he was guided... (因为受……引导). 3. being→be.to be working 是动词不定式的进行式, expect sb. to be doing..., 意为 "期待某人正在干……". 4. lost→losing.现在分词的否定式作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句Because he never lost...,注意现在分词的否定式是在分词的前面加not或never. 5. 去掉Having,worn中的w改为大写.worn out为过去分词作原因状语,表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经存在的状态,相当于原因状语从句Because she was worn out...,wear sb. out 意为使某人筋疲力尽. 6. surprising→surprised.过去分词作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句because they were surprised. 7. knowing→known.过去分词作后置定语,known as意为"被称为……,作为……被人知道". 8. taking→taken.过去分词构成的独立主格结构作条件状语.Everything taken into consideration相当于条件状语从句If everything is taken into consideration(假如把一切考虑在内的话). 9. be前加to.由时间状语by the end of this month以及动词complete和句子的主语work的关系判断,应用不定式的被动式作后置定语,表示将来的被动动作. 10. take 前加to.不定式作后置定语,表示将来要发生的动作.注意take place无被动形式,也不能用其过去分词作定语、状语等.非谓语的用法及其使用效果_百度作业帮
非谓语的用法及其使用效果
非谓语的用法及其使用效果
从动词在句中所起的语法作用的角度看,动词可以分为两类：谓语动词（the finites）和非谓语动词（the non-finites）.谓语动词（the finites）是动词的谓语形式,其形式受主语限制,在数和人称上与主语一致,具有时态和语态的变化,因此,又称限定动词.非谓语动词（the non-infinites）在句中不能做谓语,其形式不受句子主语的限制,又称非限定动词.非谓语动词（the non-finites）主要有三种,即不定式（the infinitives）、动词ing-分词（-ing participle）和动词ed-分词(-ed participle).下面就非谓语动词（the non-finites）的用法进一步阐述.一、 动词不定式（the infinitives）动词不定式（the infinitives）分为带to与不带to两种.不定式(the infinitives) 通常带to,但在某些搭配中既可带to也可不带to.既然通常带to,那掌握何种情况下不带to,对于动词不定式的学习就容易了.以下就总结不带to不定式的几种情况：⑴在情态助动词（marginal modal auxiliary）后He must return home before ten o’clock.You needn’t wait him .I daren’t go out at night.⑵在半助动词后Have you been to the university?You’d better stay at home if it rains tomorrow.I happened to meet him yesterday. ⑶在情态成语后Wuold rather/would sooner/would (just)as soon ( 宁愿 )may/might(just)as well(不妨,可以),cannot but/cannot help but (不能不,不由得不)等情态成语（modal idiom）之后跟不带to不定式.He’d rather not porridge and steamd bread for breakfast.I ‘d sooner stay at school.You can’t help but respect them. ⑷在ratger than/sooner than之后Rather than /sooner than 同义,前者多见,均做“宁愿…而不”解释.置于句首时,其后跟不带to不定式.例如：Rather than cause trouble ,he left.Sooner than marry that man ,she would earn her living as a waitress.当rather than/sooner than出现在句中其他位置时,其后不定式既可带to也可不带to.He decided to write rather than telephone.Mary likes to watch football match rather than to attend the party. ⑸在“主动词+主动词”固定搭配的第一个主动词后此处的第二个主动词指不带TO不定式,此类常见搭配有make believe（假装）,make do(with/on)（凑合,将就）,let drop/let fall（有意无意说出）,let fly(at)（发出,射出）,let go(of)/leave go of（放开,放手）,hear tell(of)（听说）等.例如：Let’s make believe we have seen Jane.Make that dog leave go of my coat.I’ve heard tell of him.⑹在“使役动词+宾语“之后在“let ,make ,have等使役动词+宾语”之后用不带to不定式.例如：He won’t let her go out at night.The teacher had the boy stand in front of the class.Alen made him stayfor tea.当使役动词为被动态时,不带to不定式转为带to不定式.例如：He let his wife do homework..→his wife was let to do homework.⑺在“感觉动词+宾语“之后在“see ,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等感觉动词+宾语”之后用不带to不定式.例如：I fell the house shake.They watched him eat his chicken..He didn’t notice the thief come in the room.在“look at和 listen to+宾语”之后也用不带to不定式：Look at the boy run!The children listened to the teacher speak. 上述动词为被动态时,不带to不定式转为带to不定式：We saaw him enter the building .→he was sawn to enter the building . ⑻在“have known+宾语”之后这里的know以完成式出现,含义是“看过,听过”,其宾语之后用不带to不定式.例如He has never known(=seen) the teacher smile.Have you ever known the man tell a lie?⑼在help（或help+宾语）之后在help（或help+宾语）之后既可用带to不定式,也可用不带to不定式.例如：Can I help (to)lift the suit case?They help me (to) get out of the trouble.⑽在介词except/but之后如果except/but之前有动词“do“的某种形式,其后通常用不带to不定式,否则带to.例如：They did nothing except study.We have no choice but to wait.⑾在“why/why not…?”之后在“why/why not…?”句式中,紧接why之后的不定式总是不带to.例如：Why argue with him?Why not give me a hand?⑿在其它一些习惯用法中在口语中,不带to的不定式还常见于其他一些习惯用法,比如在go ,come,try等动词之后可接不带to不定式.Go post (=Go and post)a letter for me.Come have (=Come and have)a chat with me.I’ll tey help(=Try and help)him.又例如,在某些带有感情色彩的短语中间或也用不带to的不定式作谓语动词：Me borrow money from him!Him ask her for help!在上述结构中也可用带to不定式：Me to borrow money from him!Him to ask herb for help!二、动词-ing分词（-ing participle）此处的动词-ing分词（-ing participle）包括传统语法的“现在分词”（present participle）和“动名词”（ the gerund）.在此主要讲解-ing分词与动词的搭配关系,适当与不定式相应的用法做比较.一-ing分词与动词的搭配关系⑴动词+-ing分词搭配能带-ing分词而不能带不定式的动词英语中有些动词能带-ing分词结构而不能带不定式结构作宾语.此类常见动词有admit,acknowledge,anticiple,advote,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,can’tresist,can’tstand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,don’mind,ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,favour,finish,give-up,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practise,putoff,resent,report,resk,stop.suggest等.例如：We appreciate your inviting us to your party.He can’t resist smoking.Father give up drinking at last.Please pardon my disturbing you.⑵动词+宾语+介词+-ing分词有些动词不能直接带-ing分词,而必须在动词之后加宾语再加介词,才能带-ing分词.此处,常见的介词有into和from.例如“动词+宾语+into+-ing分词”：I shamed him into returing the stolen money.She persuaded her mother into buying a new car .Lucy talked them into walking home with her.能用于此类结构的动词有beguile,blackmail,cajole,coerce,deceive,fool等.又例如“动词+宾语+from+-ing分词”：Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition.He could hardly restrain himself from shouting alould.The police man saved him from drowning .这类结构中的动词的基本含义是“使…不”.有时介词from可忽略不用.例如：The heavy rain prevented us from attending the sports meeting .The canon stopped them from drowning.以上是就主动态而言,被动态则介词不可省略.例如：The canon stopped them drowning.→They were stopped from being drown..二既能直接带不定式又能直接带-ing分词的动词⑴能带不定式和-ing分词而意义无甚区别的动词在attempt,begin, can’t bear,continue, desserve,dread,hate,intend,like,loathe,love,need, neglect,omit,plan,prefer,require,start等动词后既能直接带不定式也能直接带-ing分词,基本意义无甚区别,但有些用法不尽相同的地方,说明如下：①在begin,can’t bear,cease,continue,dread,like,love,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,start等动词之后,如表示一般的行为,用-ing分词居多；如表示特定的或具体的动作,则用不定式较多.比较：He can’t bear living alone.I can’t bear to see the child treated stupidly.Jake prefers doing it his way.He prefer to go by train this evening.②在need, want, require, deserve等动词之后,可用-ing分词的主动形式表示被动意义,这相当与用不定式的被动态.例如：The proposal needs signing by the manager.=The proposal needs to be signed bby the manager..The old lady deserves looking affter.=-The old lady deserves to be looked affter.③在begin,start之后虽然既能跟不定式也能跟-ing分词,但若跟的是状态动词,便只能用不定式.例如：We start to believe his words.They begin to see what she meant.当begin,start已用于进行体时,其后的动词也用不定式：It’s beginning to snow.He’s starting to write his essay.⑵能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不同的动词这类词又可分为以下五类：①在forget, go on, leave off,mean, regret, remember,stop等动词后面既能带不定式也能带-分词,但意义不同.说明如下：在remember,forget,regret之后,用-ing分词表示动作发生在“记得”“忘记”之前,用不定式则表示动作发生在“记得”“忘记”之后.试比较：Can’t you remember telling me the story last night?=You told me the story last night.Can’t you remember it ?I was so busy that I forgot to see the Great Wall .=I was so busy that it didn’t come to my mind that I should see the Great Wall. ②在stop, leaveoff,go on等动词之后,通常用-ing分词结构作宾语；若用不定式结构,便不是宾语而是目的状语,相当与in order to.比较：They stopped watching TV at 9.30.=At 9.30 they did not watch TV any more.They stopped to watch TV at 9.30.=They paused at 9.30 in order to watch TV.③在try ,mean, can’t help 等动词之后,用-ing分词结构还是用不定式,取决于这些动词本身的不同含义.例如：You plan would mean spending hours. （作“意味着”讲）I didn’t mean to make you angry.（作“打算”讲）If you want to improve the taste,try adding some sugar.（作“试着,试用”讲）Philip tried to answer each questioin by himself.（作“努力,设法”讲）④在agree,decide等动词之后,可直接带不定式,但若带-ing分词,则须在-ing分词之前添加介词.试比较：They agreed to share the remuneration（报酬）.They agreed on sharing the remuneration（报酬）.⑤在encourage,permit,allow, recommend,advise,authorise等动词之后,一般用-ing分词作宾语.但如果后面带有不定式结构,这种不定式通常带有自己的逻辑主语.试比较：She doesn’t allow talking here.She doesn’t allow us to talk here.The teacher encouraged learning English by radio and television.The teacher encouraged me to learn by English by radio and television.三、动词-ed形式（the participles）一-ed分词做前置修饰语①来自及物动词的-ed分词做前置修饰语来自及物动词的-ed分词做前置修饰语通常有被动和完成意义；而能做上述用法的-ed 分词有的来自动词,有的来自不及物动词,通常有主动和未完成意义.试比较：frozen food a freezing winda bored traveller a boring joureya lost cause a losing battlea closed shop the closing hour②来自不及物动词的-ed分词做前置修饰语来自不及物动词的-ed分词很少能单独用做前置修饰语,能用做这种用法的仅限于下面几个词retire,escape,fade,felll,expire,rise,return,vanish,grow.这些前置修饰语仅表示完成,不表示被动.例如：a retired worke r= a worker who has retiredan expired lease = lease that has expireda grown man = a person who has grown to a man’s size 二-ed分词做补语①能用做补语的-ed分词也大都来自及物动词.凡是已经形容词化的-ed分词,大都可以既做名词修饰语又做主语补语或宾语补语.例如：The door remains locked.I found the door locked.The man looks disappointed.I found him disappoin ted. ②能带-ed分词做宾语补语的动词分类：a 第一类包括see,hear,feel,find,think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词：I found the boy assembled in the hill.Everybody thought the battel lost.She felt her eyes dazzled by the bright light.b 第二类包括make,get, bhave,keep 等表示“致使”意义的动词：I have my hair cut every month.Please keep us informed of the last development.He was trying to make himself understood.c 第三类包括like,want,wish,order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词：I don’t want any of you involved in the accident.He won’t like such question discussed in the meeting.The audiences wish the serial film continued.非谓语用法1All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had onnly a limited time to live.Such stories set us ---------,----------what we should do under similar circumstances.Awondering Bwondering Cto wand_百度作业帮
非谓语用法1All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had onnly a limited time to live.Such stories set us ---------,----------what we should do under similar circumstances.Awondering Bwondering Cto wand
非谓语用法1All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had onnly a limited time to live.Such stories set us ---------,----------what we should do under similar circumstances.Awondering Bwondering Cto wander Dto wander选什么,求详解
A.wondering,但两个ing用法功能与使用有些区别set us thinking:让我们思索,固定搭配wondering,ing短语作伴随状态第一个set doing的用法可以参考iciba：4.VERB使处于(某种状态或情况) You can use set to say that a person or thing causes another person or thing to be in a particular condition or situation.For example,to set someone free means to cause them to be free,and to set something going means to cause it to start working.Set the kitchen timer going...让厨房计时器开始计时.A phrase from the conference floor set my mind wandering...会上发言者的一句话让我思绪飘远.
能翻译一下这道题吗？
我们都读过扣人心弦的（惊悚好像在这里不太适合）故事，在里面主人公都只有有限的存活时间。这类故事使我们思索/考，想弄明白再相似状况下/情况里我们应该做些什么。
set sb to do
后面的doing 是伴随状况。}