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[同义词替换]阅读同义词替换 同义词替换
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A/G雅思考试出题考点词，考点替换词，同义词汇总雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：剑桥1-41.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/ percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 && deduce /deductive推断7.fortune/ destiny/ chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust Cexhaust emission (尾气)排放/ over-exploit<plex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金12.solely/ merely/ only13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right （权利）17.purchase/ buy18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的 + s =[n ]19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit22. circumstance 环境（社会 ）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（ 环保 ）背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（ 文章中 ）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的&&fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal29.类似于：look like/ resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的― long-term 长期的31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray/ manifest36. therapist /expert/ specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length38. commonest/ frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] -&generate 生产，制造/ degrade -&grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify42. consequence后果-&影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=& substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative=& 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立-&be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =&[n]/creative/revolutionary? 易错拼写：environment/ convenient49．neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous-&ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure<municate 沟通，传达，通报52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠<mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务54．contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for (占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=&evidently56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious-&notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous/well-known59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization60.超过：exceed/ surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species ,strainbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言 accent 腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动-&initiative原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（ 被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce-&deductive / inferential && induce 引导，引入，归纳-& induction 归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary74. a factor in sth/ depend on sth75. be preferred by/ choice76. attitude to/ how77. the present century/ modern society78. broad/ great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的81. physical/ medical82.negotiation/ agreement 谈判，洽谈/ 商定，协议83. evolve/ develop84.apartment/ accommodation 公寓/ 住房85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的（网恋）/ 模拟86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/ 灾难，不幸87.innovate/ invent 革新，创新/ 发明，创造sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/ 工艺88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的，极高的/ 费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in90.labour [美，澳]/work91. attend to/ take care of92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工（家庭）93.indicate/ predict 指示，表明，象征/ 预料，预言A major contributor to/ be central to 来源，起点/ 是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/ therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家95.lead to/ be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/ equitable 平等的97.handicap/ disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable toby/ from99. benefit/ advantage100. substantial influence/ greater likelihood101. agree on/ define102. considered desirable/ effectiveness103.masquerade/ (in) disguise 伪装104.insignificant/ didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/ examine 审核,检查106．caliber/ criterion 标准107．no-one know&& notorious 无人知晓&&臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/ argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/ negative/ blue&& optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的&& 乐观的 110. unsatisfactory/ hardly be looked upon111. identify/ define112. turn… into/ become113. urban/ rural/suburban114.demolish/ knock down/ dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/ 敲，打 115.migration/ move 迁移/ 移动116.pay/ charge sb for 向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/ split 分开，使隔绝，提取/ 分，劈开118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住119.not require/ unnecessary 不需要/ 不必要120.decode/ decipher 译解（密码），解释121.delay/ drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/ 欠缺，弊端122.association/ organization 机构，关联/ 组织123.*recent/ current/ nowadays/present 最近的/ 现代的/ 当今的/现在 124.intensive burst/ explosive release 强烈的爆发/ 爆炸性的释放125.recognized/ identified 承认，识别，认可/ 识别，鉴别126.aim to/ focus on 针对，目标，打算/ 集中127. link…to/ lead to 连接/导致，通向128. inadequate (diet)/ deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/ 缺乏，不足 129.basic/ fundamental 基础的，基本的130.seize/ catch 捕捉，抓住131.fatal/ lethal 致命的132.success on/ running on 成功133.costly/ be related by 有关系的134.be obtained in/ be derived in 获得，流行，通用/ 由…产生，起源于135.high-income/ wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/ be similar to 相同的，相似的137.indicate/ show 显示，指出，象征138. eliminate/ lessen &&消除/ 减少139. not risen significantly/ stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/ wage 工资：总称/ 蓝领的141.create/ gain 创造，造成/ 获得，增加efficiently/ increased productivity 有效率的/ 上升的生产率142.economy/ financial 经济143. administration/ management144.(be) sympathetic/ understand 同情的，赞同/ 理解145.introduce/ involve 引入/ 卷入146. change/ different147.die&& exist 死亡&&存在148. almost/ approximately149. be out of date/ be developed150.solve/ reduce 减少151. famous/ eminent152. barrier/ hurdle153. higher position/ top post154.Advantage: virtue,merit,benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处 ,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness, failing, weakness,defect,drawback, negative aspect, fault不利,缺点,缺陷 156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点160.A capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement, feat 成功164.Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate 污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.D fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的abide byabsence of mindabsorbabundant inby accidentof one’s own accordin accordance with be faithful to, obey being absent-minded take up the attention of be rich in, be well supplied with by chance without being asked, freely in agreement with 忠于, 遵守 心不在焉 吸引 … 的注意力 富于, 富有 偶然地, 意外 自愿地, 主动地 依照,根据take…into accountaccount for on account of adapt oneself toadjacent admit of in advance above all agree on in all allow for amount to ambiguity answer for apparently approve of arise from attach attend to aware ofa vast array of at one’s back turn one’s back onon behalf of be accustomed to be acquainted with be ashamed of be obtained in believe in caliber catastrophe categorize complexconsidergive an explanation or reason forbecause of adjust oneself tonext to leave room for before in time especially define altogethertake into consideration, take into accountto be equal toobscureundertake responsibility for, be liable forpatentlyconsent to, be in favor ofbe caused by to fix, fastengive one’s attention, care and thought be conscious of, having knowledge orconsciousnessa great variety of supporting or favoring in an impolite way as the representative of be in the habit of, be used to to have knowledge of, to have met sociallyguilt or sorrow because ofbe derived in have faith or trust incriterion disaster classify complicated, sophisticated把 … 考虑进去 解释, 说明 由于, 因为 使自己适应于 毗邻的 留有余地 预告, 事先 尤其是, 最重要的认同 总共, 总计 考虑到, 估计到 总计, 等于 暧昧的 对 … 负责 显而易见的 赞成 由 … 引起 缚, 系 注意, 照顾 意识到, 知道系列 支持, 维护 背弃, 抛弃 以 … 名义 习惯于 了解,熟悉 以 … 为羞耻获得 依赖, 信仰 标准 灾难 分类 复杂的contributor to constrain chronic deplete defect decode delay demolish divine eliminate emphasize exorbitant fascination fatal get the better ofhandicap inadequate in any case in brief indicate inadequate intensive burst introduce in case innovate inspect lead to look like masquerade modify molten rock negotiation notorious no-one know not require pessimismbe central to restrict long-term exhaust flaw decipher drawback dismantle heavenly lessen stress expensive attraction lethal defeat primitive insufficientfor love or money, whatever happensin as few words as possiblepredict deficiency explosive releaseinvolve for fear thatinvent examine be associated withresemble disguise change lava，magma agreement flagrant notorious（反义） unnecessary negative中心原因 限制 长期的 耗尽 缺点，不足之处译解 耽误 毁坏 神圣的 减少 强调 过度的 迷住，吸引住 致命的 打败, 胜过 残疾的，落后的 缺乏的，不足的无论如何 简言之 表明 不充分，不适当的强烈的爆发 引入 万一 革新，创新 审核,检查 相联系 类似于 伪装 改变，修改 岩浆 谈判，洽谈 臭的 无人知晓 不需要，不必要 悲观的，忧郁的prosperouspoisonouspovertyrigidrudimentaryseparateseizeskepticalsympatheticvirtual thriving toxic poor stiff underdeveloped split catch dubious understand simulate 兴旺，繁荣 有毒的 贫穷 僵硬的 初级的 分开 捕捉 对…怀疑 同情，赞同 模拟☆artificial= synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo☆conventional= traditional, historical, accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary ☆demand= request, claim, need, order, require, call for☆decline= decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worsening☆develop= evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish☆difficulty= handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble ☆early= first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote☆find= discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover ☆future= what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming☆how= describe, operate, explain, clarify, demonstrate, eludicate, expound, illustrate, interpret, account for ☆inevitable= unavoidable, certain, destined, fated, inescapable, sure☆militant= armed, belligerent, army, weapon, warlike☆objection= commercial challenge, complaint, disapproval, opposition, protest, query, question, remonstration ☆obstacle= bar, barricade, barrier, block, blockage, check, obstruction, problem, snag, hurdle☆prevalent =common, usual, prevailing, widespread, systematic, collective, general, popular☆reduce= curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slash☆role= function (provide, support, weaken, smooth, solve), job, position, duty, post, task, contribution ☆recent= modern, current, now, nowadays, today, contemporaneous, new, novel, present, up-to-date ☆simulate= virtual, create, reproduce, pretend, imitate☆significance= importance, milestone, impact, justification, gist, implication, point, purport, vitality ☆business, economic, financial, mercantile, profitable, pecuniary☆worldwide= international, cosmopolitan, global, universal, ubiquitous, widespread, around the world 解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate依赖：rely on, depend on, count on十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide发展：develop, cultivate, foster优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside,Advantage: benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处Disadvantage: weakness, drawback, negative aspect, fault不利Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点A capability, power, caliber能力Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的Success: achievement, feat 成功Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致Disaster: catastrophe 灾难Pollute: contaminate 污染Poisonous: toxic 有毒的D fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的1. important 重要的=crucial (extremely<mon 普通的=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick 粘=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect 忽略=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough at ignore means no attention.)6.near 临近的=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin7.pursue 寻求=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate 准确的=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague 模糊的=obscure10.top 顶=peak, summit<petitor 竞争对手=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame 指责=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon 意见=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame 名声=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build 直立/竖立=erect (you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult 侮辱=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)<plain 抱怨=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary 根本的=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve 缓解=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force 强迫=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel按字母排列Abide by=comply with遵守Accelerate=speed up加速Achieve=obtain得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体Aim.n=objective 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence 因此、从而As well as=and和Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee保证B Be free of=with out=no 没有Be similar to=closely resembled 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地C Calculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Conservation = protection 保护Conserve=protect保护Consist of=comprise of 由什么组成Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作Convert to=turn to 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现D Degenerated=underdeveloped=degraded退化Development=invention 发展Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Due to = because of = without a view to 由于E Endanger=threaten 威胁Ensure = make sure 确保Establish=set up建立Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Embark upon=start开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruc=educate启蒙、给予知识F Fail to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误，缺损Form=shape 形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release释放Frequently=often 经常G Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力Guarantee to do sth =promise to do sth 保证做某事H Hold=harbor拥有Halt=stop 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier 阻碍IIdentical=the same一模一样In addition to=besides 除了Indicate=show表明In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应In the event of= in case of 万一Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入K Key a.=important=significant=crucial=essential重要的，关键的Key n.=approach=means=method=technique方法L Likelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系M Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明Measure=access=rate评估N Nature=character本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的O Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……Overestimate = overate 过高估计P play a vital role in = have an important part or role in起重要的作用，扮演重要的角色Pore over=study 研究Preserve=store 储存Resemble=like 像Prevailing=popular 盛行的Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代Prior to = before 先于Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害Q Quest=desire 渴望Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查R Range from … to…= be from … to …从……到……Readily=easily=accessible 容易地Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Residue=remains=relics=relicts剩余物、废墟S Seek for = search for =hunt for寻求，寻找Striking=noticeable值得注意地Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的T Take to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的U Unbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depend on/upon 由……决定V Virtue=advantage=asset 优点W Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出剑桥四阅读考点替换词名词：1. the destruction of rainforests （原文） --the loss of the rainforests2. rainforest conservation( 原文 )―the rainforests to be protected3. the geographical location―where the rainforests were4. courtship ritual―mating5. feeding―eating6. young people―teens7. high standing―high opinion8. take courses―retrain9. domestic building―dwellings10. economic progress―economic growth形容词：1． Rudimentary―underdeveloped2． Well-developed―best developed3. Surprised―taken aback4. be loath to/be conservative about ―be reluctant to4. chronic―long-term5. Awareness―conscious6. basic--fundamental动词：1． Resemble―make similar choices/look like2. choose entrepreneurship―set up their own business3. make unbiased statements―comment objectively on4. deal only with―focus on5. be derived from―be gained from6. break records―set new records7. comprehend―explain8. be broken down―be subdivided9. predict―estimate10. the elderly―elderly people副词： With tremendous force―violentlyAB 相关替换1． media coverage―Newspaper and television2． A curve inside the circle―a symbol3． Government policy―government initiative4． A growing interest in cultural identity―increasing appreciation5． Bilingualism―more than one language6． Facial expression―body language7． Nutriment―diet8． Pots, tools and weapons―objects关系替换：1． People can learn…-- it can teach people…2． A depends on B―B affect A剑桥雅思真题456中的替换关系? Recognize = identify ? Ethical=Moral? plenty of=Considerable=significant amount of Almost certainly=little doubt ? Modification=change=alteration=adjust Better=Improve（方向词） ? Live=residence=inhabitant first=initial=primary? Important=worthy trying=significant=essential People=mortal=human=mankind ? Reflect=feature=represent Legitimate= have right toInterest （for borrowing）=slightly more money long term=chronicSusceptible =allergic predisposed vulnerable Feasible=practicalmistaken=misconception =confusion=misunderstanding have yet to determine =yet not known release stress/tension= (psychic tension is) punctured Diversity=varietyaccompanying=with Aesthetic=beautifulRigid = not yielding focus on=emphasize=narrow down雅思剑桥5阅读替换词AB相似替换: 同义词Time limit―deadlineConfer sth. On―bring sth. ToBe associated with―establishment/be linked toBuilt-in―biologicalExpect―predictHelp―have a positive effect onAdvantageous trait―positive survival mechanismGet worse―take a pessimistic viewSlow down―restrictProvide what … wants―meet …’s expectationUrgent―most pressingWhen heated―under heatThe first―in originExtract―removeDub―considerBe punctured by―release of nervous energy“ah ,ah” noise―particular noisedemanding―more difficultoutlook―subjective viewhow…works―the operation ofrevolution--developmentAB关系替换：Sth. Prevail upon King George III to C be granted sth. By the king剑5 第一套Passage 1第二段compile v.编辑，编纂= write ? compile ? composeconcentrate v.集中，关注= pay attention ? concentrate ? concentration ? keep your mind on ? keep your eyes on ? take notice/note ? attentive ? attention spanconvey v.传达，传递= express ? convey ? communicate ? say ? get something over ? put something into words/find the words to say第三段define v.定义……= meaning ? sense ? significance ? definition ? connotation ? definecircumscribe v.限制，约束= To limit power, rights, or abilities [= restrict]:conquer v.征服= defeat ? overwhelm ? annihilate ? rout ? bring somebody to their knees ? conquer hold back ? stifle ? suppress ? overcome/conquer第五段station v.驻扎，静坐= send ? pack off ? dispatch/despatch ? send in ? send out ? be posted ? be stationed第六段file v.把文件或资料归档= keep ? store ? keep something on file ? file ? keep a record/keep recordsrival v.对抗，与……抗衡= competitor ? rival ? the competition第八段ascertain v.确定= check ? check out ? make sure/make certain ? double-check ? verify ? confirm ? ascertainPassage 2 第一段obey v.遵守，遵从= obey ? comply with ? abide by ? keep to ? stick to the rules ? conform to ? observe ? respect ? toe the line ? go by the book/do something by the book第二段administer v.控制，施加= To manage the work or money of a company or organizationsimulate v.模拟= To make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being realemit v.释放出，发出……的声音= send out ? give out ? give off ? emit ? radiate ? cast/throw /make a sound/make a noise ? denounce v.谴责，指责= voice/express/show etc your disapproval ? condemn ? denounce ? deplore第三段unfold v.展开= open ? unwrap ? unfold ? unrollpose v.带来，提出= askbalk v.畏缩不前，犹豫= To not want to do or try something, because it seems difficult, unpleasant, or frighteningquestion v.质疑= question ? interrogate ? cross-examine ? carry out door-to-door inquiries ? be helping police with their inquiries第四段anticipate v.预测= expect ? think第五段fluster v.使不安，使紧张，使困惑= To make someone nervous and confused by making them hurry or interrupting them:第六段discharge v.放电，释放= If a piece of electrical equipment discharges, or if it is discharged, it sends out electricity evolve v.演变，进化= develop ? evolve第七段evoke v.引发，引起= remind somebody of ? make somebody think of ? bring/call to mind ? be a reminder ? bring back memories/take somebody back ? evoke ? evocative ? come flooding back第八段merge v.合并，混合= combine ? be a mixture of something and something ? bring together ? blend ? mingle ? merge unite ? team up ? get together ? combine ? join forces ? come together ? amalgamate ? mergesurrender v.投降，放弃= admit/accept defeat ? give in ? surrender ? concede第九段forgo v.放弃= do without/go without ? deny yourself ? abstain ? forgodictate v.听写，控制，指挥= tell ? order ? ask somebody to do something ? demand ? insist ? dictateelucidate v.阐明，说明，解释= To explain something that is difficult to understand by providing more information Passage 3第二段starve v.使……挨饿starving ? starve ? hungry ? not get enough to eat ? half-starved ? underfed ? malnourishedexaggerate v.夸大,夸张exaggerate ? blow something (up) out of all proportion ? make too much of ? overrated ? overemphasize ? overstate ? be melodramatic ? lay it onassociate v.与……相连link ? associate ? make a connection ? establish a linkbe connected/be related ? be linked ? associated ? have/be something to do with ? be bound up with something/go hand in handcure v.治愈cure ? remedy ? antidoterestrict v.限制，约束limit ? restrict ? set/impose/put a limit ? keep to/keep within ? confine ? fixaccelerate v.加速，加快go faster ? speed up ? pick up/gather speed ? accelerate ? quicken your pace ? gain/gather momentum第三段nurture v.培育，形成nurture ? fosterdecline v.下降go down/come down ? fall/drop ? decrease ? decline ? reduction ? cut ? plummet/plunge ? taper off ? dwindle ? slide ? take a nosedive第五段overstate v.夸大exaggerate ? blow something (up) out of all proportion ? make too much of ? overrated ? overemphasize ? overstate ? be melodramatic ? lay it on第六段apply v.适用，应用apply ? claim ? request ? approach ? put in for ? applicant ? claimantoppose v.反对be against/be opposed to ? oppose ? not agree with something ? not believe in something ? anti- ? hostile ? antagonistic第七段melt v.融化melt ? dissolve ? thaw ? melt down ? molten ? condense ? solublediminish v.消失，减少To become or make something become smaller or less [= reduce]:第十段experience v.经历happen to ? experience ? go through ? live through ? knowpostpone v.推延，延迟postpone ? put off ? delay ? be pushed/moved/put back ? put something on ice/put something on the back burner ? procrastinate第十一段buy v.买，争取（时间）buy ? get ? purchase ? snap up ? pick up ? splash out on ? acquireavoid v.避免avoid ? stay away/keep away ? steer clear of ? make a detour剑5 第二套Passage 1第一段patent v.申请专利To obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product第二段mould v.铸造，塑造form ? mould ? shapeengineer v.设计，加工orchestrate ? stage-manage ? engineer ? contriverevert v.返回start again ? go back to/revert to ? slip back into第四段abandon v.放弃，抛弃give up ? quit ? abandon ? drop ? leave it at thatamass v.累计，积累accumulate ? amass ? gainmanufacture v.制造make ? produce ? manufacture ? mass-produce ? churn out/turn out ? create ? fashion ? build ? construct ? assemble第五段outline v.列举outline ? sketch out第六段govern v.受……限制govern ? run ? rule ? be in power ? be in government ? hold officeextract v.抽取，提取find out ? get something out of ? get information ? extract ? worm something out of ? drag something out oftaper v.逐渐变细，变尖get/grow thinner get narrower ? taper第七段relish v.欣赏，品味revel in ? get a kick out of ? relish ? gloat ? wallow in ? take pleasure in ? delight indespise v.鄙视，轻视hate ? hate somebody"s guts ? can"t stand ? detest ? loathe ? despise ? abhorPassage 2第一段tempt v.引发attract ? tempt ? seducedub v. 称作call ? christen ? dub第二段rely v.依靠，依赖To trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do [ reliable, reliance]:puncture v. 戳破，化解make a hole in ? pierce ? puncture ? punch ? drill a hole第五段trigger v. 引发，触发set off ? trigger/spark ? precipitateamuse v. 使愉快，开心make somebody laugh ? crack somebody up ? raise a laugh ? have somebody in hysterics/stitches ? amuse第七段track v. 追踪follow ? tail ? be/sit on somebody"s tail ? shadow ? track/trail ? hound ? stalk ? stalkeraccompany v. 伴随with ? together ? along with ? come with ? accompanying第八段tuck v. 隐藏，蜷缩put ? slide ? tuck ? insert第十段milk v. 挤奶，猎取To take milk from a cow or goat第十一段distort v. 扭曲，歪曲twist ? misrepresent ? distort ? falsify ? put words into somebody"s mouth ? cook the books ? rewrite historyPassage 3第一段dominate v.统治，在……中拥有重要的位置dominate ? monopolize ? monopoly ? stranglehold ? have total/complete control ? hold sway第二段renew v.重新开始，使复活，使更新continue ? start again ? go on ? go back to/return to ? resume ? take something up again ? pick up/take up where you left off ? reopen ? renew第三段adopt v.接受，采纳adopt ? foster ? guardian ? in carepublicize v.出版advertise ? promote ? publicize ? market ? hype/hype up ? plug ? sell ? push ? announce ? reportpromote v.促进，加强help ? encourage ? promote ? aid ? benefit ? advance/further ? be conducive to ? give something a boost ? be favourable for/to第六段exploit v.探索use ? exploit ? make use of ? take advantage of ? play on ? capitalize ondeposit v.储存，堆积，放置，存放put ? place ? leave ? abandon ? position ? plant a bomb/explosives etc ? plant ? lay ? set down ? depositseal v.盖戳block up ? plug/plug up ? sealrestrict v.限制limit ? restrict ? set/impose/put a limit ? keep to/keep within ? confine ? fix第七段delay v.拖延，延迟delay ? hold-up/holdup ? bottleneck第八段engage v.参与，参加To be doing or to become involved in an activityfoster v.促进，加强promote第九段inaugurate v.创立To open a building or start an organization, event etc for the first time:第十段estimate v.估计guess ? estimate ? guesswork ? speculation ? speculative ? conjectureoppose v.反对，抵制be against/be opposed to ? oppose ? not agree with something ? not believe in something ? anti- ? hostile ? antagonistic institute v.建立To introduce or start a system, rule, legal process etc剑5 第三套Passage 1A段argue v.争辩，坚决主张，认为argue ? quarrel ? fight ? have a fight ? fall out with ? be at each other"s throats ? clashB段claim v.宣称，表示claim ? maintain ? assert ? confirm ? testify ? swear ? certify ? insist ? protest ? denyexpand v.扩充，扩展get bigger ? grow ? expand ? swell up ? stretchC段acknowledge v.认可，承认accept ? recognize ? acknowledgeobserve v.注意到，观察到notice ? can see/can tell ? I see ? spot ? become aware/conscious ? catch somebody"s eye ? detect ? note ? observe ? perceive launch v.发起，进行start ? begin ? get down to ? start on ? set about/set to work ? proceed to do something ? settle down to ? launch into ? embark on/upon ? come to/grow to/get to ? get crackinginvolve v.包括，涵盖，使……参与进来involve ? drag somebody into ? bring inD段bypass v.绕过……To go around a town or other busy place rather than through it:foster v.促进promoteE段evaluate v.评估，评价judge ? assess ? evaluate ? critiquesolve v.解决solve ? work out/figure outF段perpetuate v.延续，保持continue/carry on ? maintain ? perpetuate ? keep up ? preserveoutline v.罗列，列举summary ? outline ? overview ? rundown ? precis ? synopsisindicate v.表明，暗示point ? indicate ? gesture at/towards ? point outPassage 2A段erode v.腐蚀，侵蚀wear away ? erode ? corrode ? rust/rust awayscour v.用力擦洗，冲刷brush ? scrub ? sweep ? scourB段deposit v.沉积，堆积put in ? depositaccumulate v.累计，聚集accumulate ? build up ? pile up ? mount up ? collect ? gatherC段indicate v.表明，暗示point ? indicate ? gesture at/towards ? point outreplenish v.补充，添加refill ? replenish ? top upD段divert v.转移，使转向not draw attention ? draw attention away from ? divert/distract attention ? put somebody off ? keep a low profileE段rest v.休息，存留在rest ? take a rest ? relax ? take a break ? lie down ? put your feet up ? laze ? take it easy ? chill/chill outconcur v.同意，赞同agree ? be in agreement ? be of the same opinion ? share the view that ? subscribe to ? concuraffect v.影响have an effect ? have an impact ? affect ? take effect ? make a difference ? impactstimulate v.刺激，激发To encourage or help an activity to begin or develop furtherupset v.使……不安upset ? hurt ? hurt somebody"s feelings ? distressF段devise v.设计，制定出invent ? create ? come up with/think up ? devise ? make up ? conceive ? dream up ? coinPassage 3引子perform v.表演，执行perform ? appear ? be in somethingA段vanish v.消失，突然不见disappear ? vanish ? become extinct ? extinction ? die out ? cease to existignite v.点燃，引发set fire to something/set something on fire ? light ? torch ? igniteB段launch v.建立，发布start ? launch ? open ? initiate ? spark off ? set in motion ? get/start/set the ball rolling ? get things moving ? (let"s) get this show on the roadcoin v.创造invent ? create ? come up with/think up ? devise ? make up ? conceive ? dream up ? coinencompass v.包含，涵盖cover ? encompass ? embrace ? spancapture v.捕捉，占领，再现capture ? round up ? take somebody prisoner ? recapturemimic v.模仿imitate ? do an impression/imitation ? mimic ? a take-off of somebody/somethingC段peak v.达到全盛To reach the highest point or level:rear v.培养，养育，培育To look after a person or animal until they are fully grown [= raise]:imply v.暗示suggest ? imply ? say ? implication ? undertonesolve v.解决solve ? find/come up with a solution ? resolve ? put right ? cure ? remedy ? sort out ? sort ? iron outmaterialize v.变为现实happen ? come true ? be realized ? be fulfilled ? materializeopt v.选择decide on ? settle on ? plump for ? optalign v.与……同列，与……结盟To publicly support a political group, country, or person that you agree withD段Characterize v. 描绘，描述……的特征Describe something/somebody as ? characterize somebody/something as ? label ? portray/represent ? depict ? paint a pictur joke v.开玩笑make a joke/crack a joke ? tell a joke ? joke ? wisecrackimplement v.实施carry out ? execute ? implement ? put something into practice ? deliver the goods/come up with the goodsE段back v.支持To support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influencereckon v.认为think ? believe ? feel ? figure ? reckon ? consider ? regard/see ? think of somebody/something as/look on somebody/something as ? take the view that/be of the opinion that ? be recognized/acknowledged asspot v.发现notice ? can see/can tell ? I see ? spot ? become aware/conscious ? catch somebody"s eye ? detect ? note ? observe ? perceive camouflage v.伪装disguise ? camouflageextract v.提取，抽取find out ? get something out of ? get information ? extract ? worm something out of ? drag something out ofF段boost v.促进，加强help ? encourage ? promote ? aid ? benefit ? advance/further ? be conducive to ? give something a boost ? be favourable for/t differentiate v.区别开can tell the difference ? can tell somebody/something apart ? distinguish ? differentiate ? draw/make a distinction ? discriminateexacerbate v.恶化make things worse/make it worse ? to make matters/things worse ? aggravate ? exacerbate ? compound ? to add insult to injuryfilter v.过滤To remove unwanted substances from water, air etc by passing it through a special substance or piece of equipment: categorize v.将……分类sort ? categorize ? classify ? be grouped ? class ? gradeemerge v.开始出现appear ? become visible ? come into view/come into sight ? come out ? emerge ? loom/loom up ? reappearG段Lip- read v. 观察人的嘴唇动作来理解话意To understand what someone is saying by watching the way their lips move, because you cannot hear themencapsulate v.涵盖，概括To express or show something in a short way [= sum up]transcribe v.记录，用音标记下……的语音copy ? copy out ? copy down ? transcribe剑5 第四套Passage 1A段promote v. 促进, 发扬，提拔help ? encourage ? promote ? aid ? benefit ? advance/further ? be conducive to ? give something a boost ? be favourable for/to boom v. 发出）轰轰声boom/boom out ? roar ? thunder ? blare/blare out ? blast/blast outisolate v. 隔离, 孤立, 绝缘separate ? keep somebody apart ? isolate ? cut somebody off from ? segregate ? segregation ? apartheid ? in quarantine prevail v. 流行, 盛行, 获胜win ? come out on top ? prevail ? carry the day ? win the dayB段undermine v. 破坏spoil ? ruin ? mess up ? undermine ? screw up ? sabotage ? throw a spanner in the works ? pour cold water onassociate v. 联系, 交往link ? associate ? make a connection ? establish a linkbe connected/be related ? be linked ? associated ? have/be something to do with ? be bound up with something/go hand in handfuel v. 加燃料increase ? strengthen ? heighten ? add to ? raise ? fuelC段ensure v. 保证，确保make sure/make certain ? insure/ensure ? see that/see to it thatexploit v. 开拓, 开发use ? take advantage of ? exploit ? manipulate ? can wrap/wind somebody around your little fingerintegrate v. 成整体，结合If two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effectivedemonstrate v. 示范, 证明prove ? show ? demonstrate ? confirm ? support ? back up ? bear out ? substantiate ? validate ? corroboratepenetrate v. 穿透, 渗透, 刺入enter ? penetrate ? seep in ? permeaterepatriate v. 遣返expel ? deport ? extradite ? repatriate ? exile/send into exile ? banishPassage 2第一段analyze v. 分析, 分解examine ? look carefully/closely ? take/have a look at ? analyze ? study ? check ? check over ? inspect ? go through/go over ? look over ? scrutinize第二段insist v.坚持, 强调To keep doing something, especially something that is inconvenient or annoying:第三段disagree v. 不一致, 不赞同disagree ? not agree ? not see eye to eye ? take issue with ? differ ? agree to disagree ? dissentconsult v.商量, 咨询ask somebody"s advice ? seek advice ? get/obtain advice ? consult第四段shelter v. 掩蔽,，躲避shelter ? give somebody shelter/refuge ? asylum第五段solidify v. 凝固，巩固harden ? solidify ? set ? freeze ? stiffenexert v. 尽(力), 施加(压力等)To work very hard and use a lot of physical or mental energy:overcome v. 战胜, 克服hold back ? stifle ? suppress ? overcome/conquer第六段create v. 创造, 产生invent ? create ? come up with/think up ? devise ? make up ? conceive ? dream up ? coincontain v. 包含, 容纳, 容忍include ? contain ? among ? range from something to第八段expand v.膨胀，扩张，发展get bigger ? grow ? expand ? swell up ? stretchelapse v.(时间)过去, 消逝pass/go by ? elapse ? the passage/passing of time第十段scan v. 扫描，浏览,skim ? scan ? have a look atcomplete v.完成finish ? have done something ? complete ? get something finished ? be through ? concludePassage 3第一段assist v. 援助, 帮助help ? give/lend a hand ? assist ? do something for ? do somebody a favour ? help out ? do somebody a good turn ? do your bit ? come to somebody"s aid/assistance ? give help/assistance/support第二段occur v. 发生, 出现happen ? take place ? there is ? be ? occur ? come about ? crop up ? come up ? be coming up ? turn up ? arise ? strike fluctuate v. 变动, 波动keep changing ? vary ? fluctuate ? be in flux/be in a state of fluxexceed v.超越, 胜过be more than ? exceed ? outnumber ? be up ? passimpact v. 碰撞, 冲击，影响have an effect ? have an impact ? affect ? take effect ? make a difference ? impactincrease v. 增加, 增大increase ? step up ? expand ? broaden ? extend ? intensifydiffer v.不一致, 不同different ? not like ? not the same ? vary ? differ ? contrast with ? be a departure from ? diverse第三段evolve v. 发展，进展，进化develop ? evolvereserve v. 储备, 保存reserve/book ? reservation ? bookingassure v. 断然地说, 确告, 保证promise ? assure ? give somebody your word ? swear ? vow ? guarantee ? commit to ? pledge第四段maximize v. 最大值, 最佳化increase ? raise ? put up ? jack up ? push up/drive up/force up ? boost ? double/triple/quadruple ? maximizeripen v. 成熟To become ripe or to make something ripe第五段delay v.耽搁, 延迟delay ? hold up ? set back ? get bogged downremain v. 保持, 逗留, 剩余left ? be left over ? remain ? survive ? be still standing/be left standing ? to spare ? to goescape v. 逃脱, 避开escape ? get out ? run away/run off ? bolt ? run for it/make a run for it ? flee ? make yourescape ? take to your heels ? break free/break away ? bail out第六段convert v. 转变, 转换adapt ? modify ? convert ? customize第七段divide v.划分, 分开, 隔开separate ? divide ? split ? break up ? break down ? take apart ? dismantle ? take something to piecesprevent v.防止, 预防prevent ? stop ? keep somebody from doing something ? restrain ? hold back ? get in the way of ? discourage ? avoid ? avert ? head off ? guard againstsurvive v.幸免, 幸存survive ? survivor ? come through ? get through欢迎您转载分享：
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