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2012考研英语一真题、答案和简单分析
简单分析：
a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland, New
Zealand, and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in
the light of two previous attempts to find universality in
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。2012年研究生入学考试英语真题(一)_新浪教育_新浪网
2012年研究生入学考试英语真题(一)
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS
Candidates (NETEM)
跨考英语教研室―杨凤芝
Section Ⅰ Use of English
　　Directions:
　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
　　The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial。
　　Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be____ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the federal judiciary。
　　This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____ between the court and politics。
　　The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _____。
　　Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _____is inescapably political ― which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust。
　　The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law。
　　1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless
　　3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated
　　4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted
5. A advanced B caught
C bound D founded 6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone
7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies
8. A evade B raise C deny D settle
9. A line B barrier
C similarity
D conflict
10. A by B as C through D towards
11. A so B since C provided D though 12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace
13. A confirm
C cultivate
D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied
　　15. A concepts
B theories
C divisions
D convenience16. A excludes
B questions
D controls17. A dismissed
B released
D distorted18. A suppress
B exploit C address D ignore
19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable
D accountable20. A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a result
　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
　　Directions:
　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)
　　Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests。
　　Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。
　　I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。
　　Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences C or invent them where they did not previously exist。
By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _______。
should not be the sole representation of girlhood
should not be associated with girls' innocence
cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
cannot influence girls' lives and interests
　　27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?
　　A Colors are encoded in girls' DNA
　　B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls
　　C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders
　　D White is preferred by babies
　　28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________。
　　[A] the marketing of products for children
　　[B] the observation of children's nature
　　[C] researches into children's behavior
　　[D] studies of childhood consumption
　　29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________。
focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothes
attach equal importance to different genders
classify consumers into smaller groups
create some common shoppers' terms
　　30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____。
　　A clearly explained by their inborn tendency
　　B fully understood by clothing manufacturers
　　C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
　　D well interpreted by psychological experts
　　Directions:
　　For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
　　Directions:
　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)
　　Section Ⅲ Writing
　　51. Directions:
　　。。。。。。。
　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates' Association" instead. ( 10 points)
　　52. Directions:
　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
　　describe the picture briefly,
　　explain its intended meaning, and
　　give your comments。
　　You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.
　　2012年全国硕士 研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MSCandidates (NETEM) 跨考英语教研室―杨凤芝Section Ⅰ Use of English　　Directions:
　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
　　and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
　　The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue
　　recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of
　　law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances,
　　justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent
　　and impartial。
　　Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at
　　political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s
　　decisions will be____ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that
　　the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court
　　should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the
　　federal judiciary。
　　This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____
　　between the court and politics。
　　The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart
　　from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free
　　to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal
　　system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are
　　so closely _____。
　　Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in
　　fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with
　　social policy decisions, the law it _____is inescapably political ― which
　　is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust。
　　The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making
　　themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more
　　likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law。
　　1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless
　　3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated
　　4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted
5. A advanced B caught
C bound D founded 6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone
7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies
8. A evade B raise C deny D settle
9. A line B barrier
C similarity
D conflict
10. A by B as C through D towards
11. A so B since C provided D though 12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace
13. A confirm
C cultivate
D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied
　　15. A concepts
B theories
C divisions
D convenience16. A excludes
B questions
D controls17. A dismissed
B released
D distorted18. A suppress
B exploit C address D ignore
19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable
D accountable20. A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a result
　　Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart
　　Directions:
　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
　　choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)
　　Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the
　　colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink
　　intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may
　　celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’
　　identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds,
　　between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。
　　Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’
　　lives and interests。
　　Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA,
　　but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies,
　　it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th
　　century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a
　　practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil
　　them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually
　　considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was
　　associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,
　　constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the
　　mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant
　　children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it
　　began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female,
　　at least for the first few critical years。
　　I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception
　　of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological
　　development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts
　　developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out,
　　according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was
　　popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。
　　Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase
　　sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and
　　older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers'
　　term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting
　　kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to
　　boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to
　　magnify gender differences Cor invent them where they did not previously exist。
By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _______。
should not be the sole representation of girlhood
should not be associated with girls' innocence
cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
cannot influence girls' lives and interests
　　27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?
　　A Colors are encoded in girls' DNA
　　B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls
　　C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders
　　D White is preferred by babies
　　28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological
　　devotement was much influenced by ________。
　　[A] the marketing of products for children
　　[B] the observation of children's nature
　　[C] researches into children's behavior
　　[D] studies of childhood consumption
　　29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________。
focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothes
attach equal importance to different genders
classify consumers into smaller groups
create some common shoppers' terms
　　30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____。
　　A clearly explained by their inborn tendency
　　B fully understood by clothing manufacturers
　　C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
　　D well interpreted by psychological experts
　　Directions:
　　For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list
　　A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph
　　E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with
　　the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)
　　Directions:
　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments
　　into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
　　( 10 points)
　　Section Ⅲ Writing　　Part
　　51. Directions:
　　。。。。。。。
　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates'
　　Association" instead. ( 10 points)
　　52. Directions:
　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your
　　essay,you should
　　1) describe the picture briefly,
　　2) explain its intended meaning, and
　　3) give your comments。
　　You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.
&&& 更多信息请访问：
　　特别说明：由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化，新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考，敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。2012考研英语(一)真题作文题及范文
　Directions:
Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students' Union to
1) extend your welcome and
2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use &Li Ming&instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points).
小作文范文
Dear my friends,
I am writing this letter to welcome you to our university. I expect you to arrive here with increasing joy as well as excitement. It is of great pleasure to anticipate your coming soon.
As foreign students, you will find everything on our campus quite different, fresh and alien. Therefore, after arriving, you can take full advantage of every opportunity to communicate with us directly to bridge the gap. To be more specific, the climate in Beijing is considerably different from your hometown, but you will soon get accustomed to living here. Finally, I hope to accompany you and introduce some special or unique campus characteristics and cultures to you so as to let you better understand our college life.
We shall strive to make your visit as pleasant as possible by providing the best service as well as support for you. All of our students are looking forward to your early coming eagerly.
Students& Union
52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,you should
describe the drawing briefly.
explain its intended meaning,and
five you comments,
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)
参考范文：
As is apparently drawn in this miniature, in the middle stand two individuals, one feeling gloomy while the other optimistic. The Chinese characters above inform our readers of the message that various folks take different attitudes toward the same event. How impressive this drawing seems to be in depicting one of the most prevalent themes that attitudes make everything in our life.
After careful reflection and mediation, we examinees come to understand the enlightening drawing. I contend that this thought-provoking image conveys one profound layer of implication concerning attitude or optimism. It is universally acknowledged that life is by no means perfect and whether we feel optimistic or not depends on what attitudes we take.
When confronted with an adverse situation, some youths feel in low spirits and fall into depression. Others, on the contrary, look at the positive side of the situation and remain cheerful. As a consequence, it is our attitude rather than the situation itself that determines how we feel.
In my personal sense, the message applies to our youths especially. In such a rat-race society, everyone is bound to encounter hardships and difficulties. In this sense, I should keep an optimistic attitude to pull through any hardship. Just as a famous figure puts it, it is our attitude that has changed everything in our life.
51.Directions:
Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students' Union to
1) extend your welcome and
2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use &Li Ming&instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points).
Dear friends,
On behalf of all the faculty members and students of our university, we take pleasure in welcoming you to our university.
In order to make your life here much comfortable and convenient, we would like to present you some instructions and directions. It is cold now in Beijing, so please be sure to bring with you proper dresses and clothes. What is more, you&d better be acquainted with some daily expressions and cultures in China in advance so that you can communicate and interact with the teachers and native students well.
It is our sincere hope that you would enjoy yourselves and acquire a great deal of knowledge in our university. And we are all greatly delighted and honored to have all of you stay with us for quite a long period of time.
The Students& Union
52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,you should
1)describe the drawing briefly.
2)explain its intended meaning,and
3)five you comments,
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)
How instructive and impressive the above image is! Indeed, few things could be so symbolic and philosophic as this picture. Portrayed in it are two men, who respond to the same scene in entirely different ways: When their bottle is overturned, one expresses his disappointment and discouragement, while the other is hurry to raise the bottle up, with a smile on his face and optimism in his mind. What on earth does the illustration virtually intend to mirror?
That this picture does carry rather important intended meanings goes far beyond any reasonable dispute. Studying it further, we may learn that simple as it may seem at first glance, what the illustrator really aims to convey is apparently far-reaching && different people may come up with different outlooks on life. When facing with stresses, setbacks or feelings of inadequacy, some tend to be optimistic, but others might be pessimistic. Looking around, we may find that similar happenings are too numerous to list. A convincing illustration occurring to me goes to an acquaintance of mine, who is always confident and optimistic in school and in life, even when there is little hope. When he failed in the Students& Union election last semester, he, instead of being upset, viewed it as an opportunity to exercise his ability and felt no sorry about it at all.
& However much importance we attach to people&s lack of optimism , it is far from enough, & notes Dr. Gao Lei, a pioneer of behavioral studies of Tsinghua University. It is the responsibility of the government, mass media and schools of all levels to take the lead to promote optimism，awakening people to the significance of optimism. Moreover, we should strive to help people develop a positive outlook on life and the world. I am strongly convinced that only when we are equipped with optimism and confidence can we achieve more rapid progress and even greater success in problem-solving and life success.
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