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学生如何做好高考英语任务型阅读
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学生如何做好高考英语任务型阅读：只要学生在平时的学习中做一个有心人，掌握语言规则和解题技巧，那么任务型阅读完全可以成为能够拿到分的题型。
任务型阅读是高考英语试题中第二卷中的一种题型．分值为10分。高考成绩的统计数据表明在这一项上，考生普遍失分较多。高考英语任务型阅读是阅读理解又一检验形式，主要考查考生综合语言的运用能力。它是英语阅读理解和完形填空的结合体，在掌握篇章表层含义的基础之上，还要求对文章结构框架的把握．考生不但要具备基本的英语词汇知识。而且要能够依据上下文的内容，运用逻辑判断，正确填出任务型阅读中的空白处。因而，任务型阅读对考生的英语阅读和对英语学科的感悟能力要求较高。也就是说，任务型阅读不仅检查考生的词、句、篇的掌握，而且涉及考生综合运用英语语法的能力，所以说．这种题型是比较全面的考查．学生在平时的学习过程中，要关注词汇的使用，领悟篇章的内部结构，同时还要注意词的搭配和语用知识。任务型阅读的题型特点大致可以概括为下面两点
1．考生在做英语阅读题时，常会犯如下错误：单词的大小写不分，词性误用，词形缺乏变化，与文章框架相关的词语使用错误等。
2．全面考查考生的阅读理解能力，同时兼顾英语基础知识的综合运用，尤其是篇章结构框架的把握。要想提高此项的分值．应该根据任务型阅读自身的特点与规律，掌握特定的解题技巧和方法。如此，方能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、任务型阅读题型的考查角度
l.单词的大小写
考生往往从文中便可直接找到答案，无需进行词性和词形的转化。但是如果没有根据英文首字母要大写的要求，或在特殊的上下文中。忽略字母的大小写，便无法得到本应该拿到的分数。
2．词性的变化
要依据特定的语境结合文中涉及的词语．灵活地转变词性。比如：动词转变为形容词，形容词转变为名词，等等。
3．词形的转化
主要依据任务型阅读提供的特殊框架，来敲定词语的各种形式。例如：文中过去式需要在题目中使用现在时，同时还要注意人称和数的变化。
4．近义词与反义词的转化
根据任务型阅读题型中提供的已有信息．尽管文中也能发现相关的词语．却没能依据特定的语境进行必要的词语的转换，比如将肯定的语气转化为否定的形式等。
5．实现词句的转换
尽管文章无法一下子找到任务型阅读题型中出现的答案，但是依据文章的上下文以及文中句子的解释．则可以联系掌握的英语基础知识，得出相应的答案。
6．文章框架词语的使用
注意文章的整体布局，理清句与句之间，段与段之间的内在逻辑关系，反复阅读文章，认真思考，然后找出能代表篇章结构的词汇。
最后，卷面是否清洁也会影响到考生最终的得分。答案书写要工整清晰．避免由于字迹潦草导致失分。完成题目后．一定要仔细的将答案带入题中，结合文中提供的信息，认真核对，反复思考，确保绝不因为自己的粗心大意而失分。
二、任务型阅读题型的解题思路
1．先认真读题，通过题目来了解文章的大致框架。做到在阅读文章前．心中有数，不会因为文章的长度或文中出现的生词影响到自己对文章结构的整体把握
2．利用快速阅读策略做出判断．自己理解的文章主旨是否与题目中的要求一致。在这一过程中，可以尽可能填出与文章大意相关的词汇。
3．结合题目的基本模式，可以判断出文章的行文特点。例如：说明文解决的是介绍某种物品或事物．其特征无外乎描述特征，阐述用途；议论性的文章主要提出一种观点或一个问题．再利用一些论据来证明这个观点正确与否或者来说明解决问题的途径和方式。按照此种方法，可以仔细地从篇章的字里行间找到相互对应的单词或词组，尤其要注意尽量使用文中现有的词汇，不可脱离文章。
4．在发现答案有多种选择时，应该从词组的搭配和词与词的差别着手，深思熟虑，调动平时积累的英语知识，认真比对，做出最精确的选择
5．任务型阅读不仅是对英语单词拼写的简单检查，而且是要求考生要结合上下文的特殊语境，综合运用语言知识，甚至是学生自身具备的逻辑推理能力。因而，在具体的题型中，一定要慎重做题．切不可将文中现成的词组拿来就用，必须有思维加工的过程
6．在解题过程中．不一定每次都按照它的序号来做题，因为有时出题的顺序与行文的先后不符，这就需要根据具体文章的特定框架来解题，先做第三或第五空，然后再完成第一或第二空．不要被它的题号所束缚。
7．在日常英语学习中．可以有意识、有目的的积累一些与文章框架相关的词汇。例如：(dis)advantage，way，title，approach，summary，conclusion等。
任务型阅读相对来说是一种新型的高考题型， 它是阅读理解和考生英语基础知识考查的综合。只要学生在平时的学习中做一个有心人，掌握语言规则和解题技巧，那么任务型阅读完全可以成为能够拿到分的题型。
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高考英语任务型阅读常见词汇
matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference 18. = be beneficial to sb：supporter . to sb, assessment
表方式. 28, found出现; demands /benefit 、评价:
culture责任 ; climate [c]
位置 . encourage participation in quiet activities = encourage children to participate in &#47:sex
年龄 ;about) , aim ：comment (on) ;necessity
方面：item / shoulder / assistance of parents4. 20. take an active part in = take part in sth. = provide / influence /for one’s needs &#47.sth:
age满意 .offer sth.online = on the Internet 24.most of the people = the majority of the people 40.learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens 25, disadvantage功能，必需 , account6.be accused of = be charged with 39; meet one’s …，项目条款.be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted = be weary 43: concern(不)熟悉 :
climax结尾 ;upon) .every year = yearly = annually 36.affect = have an effect &#47:description .in part = partly 35. = be of benefit to = sb: weather[u] / expense
人口 . 31:ending
反对者与支持者, opponent转换类常用句型.stop = quit = give up 33; aid &#47. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones 14, searching &#47. 16. sth. = promise to do sth.100 years = 1 century = 10 decades2; accessible &#47. ). kills sb； advantage&#47，个人的，担忧, detail
文化 ；attitude to&#47.have access to = be acceptable / agenda
百分比：percentage性别 . oppose the move = be against the move = object to = disagree with5. 10: individual细节 ; support of = favor sth. = claim one’s life 19;
take measures to do sth：function观点与态度：1. approve of = subscribe to = be in favor &#47, method (of) ; linked&#47.compensate for = make up for 34;
solution .make full use of = make the most of大概符合你的意思吧！; supply sth:
influence , suggestion : (take)
responsibility
贡献 ：positive : materials
知识消息:satisfaction
忧虑. at the beginning = at first7：appear ，physically 影响 , remark (on&#47. = Americans have been migrating south and west for decades. = make an explanation 27.list the things that you are good at = list what &#47.explain sth, class精神上与身体上; impact on sth. 45. share less than 2% = account for less than 2%= make up
23：knowledge &#47, similarity、总结: plot
高潮 , viewpoint .use up = run out of (主动) 37，condition
建立, way ,negative.
评论，状况 ; information日程计划 .cater to &#47. consider … = take … into consideration &#47. make an apology = apologize to sb, idea . take advantage of = make use of3.relevant to
/ all you are good at 26, tip
概括:familiar &#47.
17, result. actively
12、方法; optimistic 建议; take part in/unfamiliar
个人. benefit sb.valuable information = information of great value 15: period &#47.socially responsible = social responsibility 44. benefit from sth . housing-related reasons = reasons related &#47. be better than = be superior to 30, effect (on )
情形 , seeking a better job：mentally .目的： connected with housing 11.commit
bear responsibility for 8：reach ：build .run out = give out = be used up (被动) 38. Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities:
summary ，background情节 :
(make) contributions to 重要 : theme
背景 , view (on&#47：purpose .understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth, characteristic
situation:
population天气与气候 .be over = end = put …to an end
花费 , approach ( to doing sth，完成, accomplish必要; time
存在 ; aspect材料 , category .starve to death = die of hunger&#47: value
importance
significance
比较 ;requirements = satisfy &#47: schedule &#47. since the beginning of human evolution = throughout human history 9. parental attention = with the help &#47，焦急 ; starvation
42. for sb.
= sth, impact ： advice [u] , goal
积极和消极： feature :
comparison
consequence
异同点与优缺点.besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from 29;
cause (of) ;looking for a better job原因和结果. be responsible for = take &#47：reason (for) . 46, conclusion特点：means ，给分哦: cost &#47: must / available to
32; play a role in quite activities 13.despite = in spite of 22, type , effect. 41, establish ,occur(red)
location主题 ：opinion
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出门在外也不愁初中英语任务型阅读训练（一）
任务型阅读在初中英语检测中逐步升温，要引起英语教师的重视。任务型阅读围绕一定的逻辑顺序展开，考查学生的思维能力、分析能力、词汇能力以及挖掘语言含义的能力等。任务型阅读题目围绕不同的阅读技能和语言应用而展开，涉及词性转换、词语释义、同义替换、归纳演绎、结构分析、细节理解等。任务型阅读有字数限制，表达部分也暗含有一些要求，诸如大小写、答题的一致性及词性等等，这些隐性的规范需要学生自己去揣摩。任务型阅读也随着阅读材料内容、文体、题目设置、答题要求的不同而呈现不同的难易度。学生学会分析语篇，加工信息，完成文字表达的任务，显得十分重要。
本篇刊载了四篇任务型阅读训练题，并附上答案，作为初三年级的热身练习。
1．阅读下列短文，在空格里填入适当的词语。
Young people and old people do not always agree with each other.
They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and
playing. But in a program in New York, adults and teenagers live
together in peace.
Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for 8
weeks as members of a work group. Everyone works several hours each
day. The aim is not just to keep busy. It is to find meaning in
work. Some teenagers work on the farm near the village. Some learn
to build a house. The adults teach them.
There are several free hours each day. Weekends are free, too.
During the free hours, some of the teenagers learn painting. Others
sit round and talk or sing. Each teenager has his own way to spend
his free time.
When people live together, rules are always needed. In this
program the teenagers and adults make the rules together. If
someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group.
They ask, “Why did it happen? What do we have to do with it?”
One of the teenagers has this to say about the program, “You
stop thinking only about yourself. You learn how to think about the
76. in peace &77. find
meaning& 78. on the
farm&& 79.
weekends& 80. breaks a rule
2． （答案不超过4个单词。）
Ten-year old Obama was one of the only three black students at
his school in Honolulu, Hawaii. The young boy didn’t look the same
as most other students. White girls wanted to touch his hair. A
white boy asked him whether his father ate people. “I lied to them
that my father was a Kenyan prince, but I kept asking myself who I
was,” said Obama.
However, 37 years later, the boy made history. Barack Obama
became the first black president in U.S. history. Obama was born on
August 4, 1961. His father is an African（非洲人） and his mother is a
white American. This unusual background made him want to know who
he was. With the help of his friends, Obama finally went to
college. His hard work made him a star at Harvard University, a
famous university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Later, he became the
third black senator（议员）in U.S. history.
During his competition for U.S. president, Obama talked about
his background. He called for a United States of America, rather
than a white America or a black America. Obama’s success is a
historic victory(胜利). It made Martin Luther King’s dream come true.
That is: A man should not be judged by the colour of his skin, but
by the content of his character.
62. first black& 63. August 4&
64. three& 65. different from 66. his
friends& 67. his hard work 68. the third
black& 69. United States of America 70. U.S.
president& 71. Obama’s success
3．（每空最多4个词。）
&&& In Canada
and the United States，people enjoy entertaining(请客) at home．They
often invite friends over for a meal，a party or just for coffee and
conversation．
&&& Here are
the kinds of things people say when they invite someone to their
&& “Would you like to come
over for dinner this Saturday night?” “Hey，we’re having a party on
Friday．Can you come?”
&&& To reply
to an invitation，either say thank you and accept，or say you’re
sorry and give an excuse．“Thanks，I’d love to．What time would you
like me to come?” or “Oh，sorry．I’ve tickets for a movie．”
Sometimes，however，people say something like invitations but which
are not real invitations．For example：“Please come over for a drink
sometime.” “Why not get together for a party sometime？” “Why don’t
you come over and see us sometime soon？”
& They are really just polite ways of ending
their talk．They are not real invitations because they don’t mention
a certain time or date．They just show that the person is trying to
be friendly．To reply to expression_r_rs like these，people just say
“Sure，that would be great!” or “OK. Yes，thanks．”
& So next time when you hear what sounds like
an invitation，listen carefully．Is it a real invitation or is the
person just being friendly?
76. enjoy entertaining./ enjoy entertaining at
home& 77. I’d love/like to& 78.
that would be great/nice& 79.
friendly/polite& 80. time and date
4．（每空不超过4个单词。）
Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work.
Every day I open my books in class and start lessons. Every evening
my mother looks through magazines at home. And every night, I look
at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my
bedroom wall before I go to sleep. Can we imagine life without
paper or print?
Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago, and has been made
from silk, cotton, bamboo, and, since the 19th century, from wood.
People learned to write words on paper to make a book. But in those
days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. As a
result, they were expensive and rare. And because there weren’t
many books, few people learned to read.
Then printing was invented in China. The first printed books
were made by putting ink on a wooden block and holding the paper
against it. When printing was developed greatly at the beginning of
the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply.
As a result, more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and
ideas spread(传播) quickly, in a way that can be compared with the
introduction of the Internet in the 20th century.
But will books be needed in the future? Today information can be
received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in
books, and information can be kept on CD-ROMs or machines such as
MP4 players. These machines are smaller and lighter than books so
that they can be carried very easily.
Computers are already used in classrooms, and newspapers and
magazines can already be read online. So will books be replaced by
computers one day? No, I don’t think the Yao Ming poster on my
bedroom wall will ever be replaced by a computer two metres
76. looks through
magazines&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&77.
posters of sports players
78. silk, cotton and bamboo&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&79. were made / produced by
wood&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&81.
82. was developed
greatly&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&83.
information&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&85.
(not) be replaced
（To be continued)
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浅析任务型教学在初中英语阅读教学中的体现
上传: 付淑珍 &&&&更新时间： 16:08:08
[摘要] 初中英语阅读教学是英语教学中的一个重要的部分，培养和提高学生的阅读理解能力是阅读课的主要目的。新的教学《标准》积极提倡任务型教学。而本文主要阐述的内容是任务型教学在英语阅读课文中是如何体现的。在英语教学中积极运用任务型教学，将有利于提高初中英语教学的水平，提高学生运用语言的交际能力。
&&& [关键词] 理论基础 有效方法 实践过程 自我评估
&&&一、 任务型教学模式的理论基础
&&&新修订的《全日制义务教育英语课程标准解读》（实验稿下面简称《标准》），积极倡导任务型教学途径。让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式，进行自主的学习，并且主动地运用所用所学语言去做事情，在做事情的过程中自然地运用所学语言，在使用所学语言做事情的过程中发展语言的能力。
&&&那么什么是任务型教学？为什么我们需要提倡任务型教学呢？
&&&任务型教学就是以具体的任务为学习的动力或动机，以完成任务的过程为学习的过程，以展示任务成果的方式（而不是以测试的分数）来体现教学的成就。任务型教学的理论基础是&输入与互动&。强调掌握语言大多是在交际活动中使用语言的结果，而不是单纯训练语言技能和学习语言知识的结果。外语课堂教学中具有的&变化性互动&而形成的各项活动，即任务。学生通过可以理解的输入与输出的对话性互动，来完成老师设计的各项任务，进而产生语言运用的能力。简单的说就是&为学而用，在用中学，学了就用&。
&&&以任务为基础的教学法，可以引发学习者的自然习得机制，使其中介语系统得到发展，从而培养其语言能力。任务型课堂教学模式也就改变了以往教学中的以教学为中心的形式，转而以学生为中心。教师不再是权威、导师和学者，而是交际中的一方，是课堂中的引导者，是交际活动中的促进者。教师与学生的关系是交际、合作和互动的关系。在完成老师设计的各种各样的任务的过程中，学生能够发挥较好的主动型和创造型，从而得到交际的机会和动力，有了较大的交际空间，因此学生可以领会、运用语言知识与交际知识，发展听、说、读、写的语言技能以及交流、协调、合作等交际技能。学生由被动的学习者、接受者而变为主动的参与者，有利于激发学生学习与自我完善的欲望，启发不断学习的内在动力，从而使学生运用语言的交际能力大大提高。
&&&二、 任务型教学是提高学生英语阅读能力的有效方法
&&&阅读课是初中英语课本的一种基本的课型。根据新《标准》要求，初中英语阅读教学的目的应包括以下几点：
&&& 1、获取信息，开拓视野，享受乐趣。
&&& 2、了解文章的结构，学习语言知识，培养初步写作能力。
&&& 3、提高阅读技巧，培养阅读能力。
&&&阅读的过程是读者与文章之间互动的一种信息加工方式，是读者积极主动地在其语言知识及背景知识的参与下对文章的信息进行重新加工和建构的过程，在初中英语教学中，在阅读中培养学生的阅读能力是非常重要的。但是如何培养和提高学生对语言的理解能力，正是阅读课文中所需要解决的问题所在。
&&&如果在阅读教学中，老师按照老办法，只是播放课文录音，让学生跟读阅读。然后就课文中出现的新的语言点和语言知识进行讲解，而忽略与学生之间的交际性参与，师生互动的阅读活动。久而久之，学生就会失去学习的主动性，失去独立思考问题，主动参与的机会，过分的依赖老师讲解，这样提高学生的阅读能力就变的非常困难。
&&&所以在阅读课的课堂教学中，老师应该积极思考，努力为学生提供具有刺激和诱导的任务，在限定的时间内阅读，提供多媒体材料的视听，让学生在完成任务过程中的交际和任务成果的交流来促进语言的习得。学生在课堂中不是被动的接受者，他们在任务的驱动下，有选择的获取信息，他们是交际的主体，在完成任务过程中互相传递和交换信息，充分发挥其语言交际能力。他们有自由的发挥空间，其不同的语言能力、不同的信息摄取量、不同的知识结构，可以产生不同的任务成果，体现个体差异性，充分发挥任务型教学在阅读课中的主体作用。
三、任务型教学在英语阅读课文中的实例与分析
&&&（一）教师引入阅读教学任务
&&&以初中第二册（下）Unit 26 Lesson 102 &Miss Evans&这一阅读课为例。
&&& 1、任务：要求学习收集Titanic轮船的有关信息，学生可以利用互联网、报刊、杂志等查阅资料。
&&& (1) Do you know anything about the ship Titanic?
&&& (2) Did you see the film &Titanic&? Can you say something about the sad story of Titanic?
&&& 2、片段之后，由浅入深多层次的设计下列任务：
&&& (1)Did the ship set off from America to England?
&&& (2)When did the story happen?
&&& (3)It was very cold, wasn&t it?
&&& (4)What happened the Second night of the trip?
&&& (5)Why did the ship come to a stop?
&&& (6)Who stood up and gave up a seat to the mother?
&&& (7)What happened in the end? Do you remember what Miss Evans looked like?
&&& (8)What did Miss Evans say?
&&& (9)What did you do then? Was there any more room in the boat?
&&& (10)What do you think of Miss Evans?
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