so far 用于句尾吗
是可以用在句首也可以用于句尾的顺便找了它的用法给你1. 表示“到如此之距离”,可视为far的加强说明,此时可根据情况选用时态.如：My feet are very sore from walking so far. 走了这么远的路,我的脚非常痛.My mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 我母亲住得那么远,我们很少见到她.2.表示“到如此之程度或范围”,根据情况选用适当时态.如：I can only help him so far. 我只能帮他到这种程度.Was it wise to push things so far? 把事情弄到这种地步明智吗?3. 表示“到目前为止”“至今”（=until now）,注意它所连用的时态：(1) 若强调so far所描述的谓语动作一直持续到现在,则谓语动词用现在完成时.如：So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息.So far 50 people have died in the fighting. 到现在为止,已有50人在战斗中丧生.有时还可修饰句中的非谓语动作,虽然此时的谓语不一定要使用现在完成时,但其中的非谓语动词通常可视一个完成时态简化而来的,如下面一句中的非谓语动词found可视为which have been found之省略：It is one of the funniest things found on the Internet so far this year. 这是今年互联网上发现的最有意思的事情之一.(2) 若不强调so far所描述的谓语动作一直持续到现在,则只是侧重描述一种客观现象,则可用一般现在时（谓语动词通常为某些状态动词）.如：So far, it is only talk. 至今还只是空谈.This is likely to be the biggest conference so far. 这很可能是迄今为止规模最大的一次会议了.(3) 若so far并非描述谓语动作,而是间接地说明句中的某个名词,此时的句子谓语需要具体语境来使用时态.如：She gave us a brief resume of the project so far. 她给了我们一份该项目迄今为止的历程简介.（句中的so far间接地修饰名词the project）The new prime minister is facing his toughest political test so far. 新首相正面临迄今为止最为严峻的政治考验.（句中的so far间接地修饰名词his toughest political test）(4) 有时用于省略句,句子时态被隐含在语境中.如：So far, so good. 到目前为止,一切顺利.引用来自： /Article/7_2.html
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＞＞＞ So suddenly _____ the disease that the whole family were at..
So suddenly _____ the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.A．did he catchB．he caughtC．was he caughtD．he was caught
题型：单选题难度：中档来源：不详
A试题分析：在so/such…that…如此…以至于…的结构中，如果把so/such所引导的结构放在句首，后面的主句使用部分倒装的学生，只是把助动词，系动词，情态动词提前至主语前面，形成部分倒装的形式。句义：他很突然感染了这种疾病，让全家人都不知所措。BD两项没有使用部分倒装的形式，C项中不需要使用被动语态。故A正确。
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“ So suddenly _____ the disease that the whole family were at..”主要考查你对&&全部倒装，部分倒装，省略句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
全部倒装部分倒装省略句
全部倒装的概念：
倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和谓语完全倒置叫完全倒装。完全倒装完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”，主要见于以下情况：
1、here和there位于句首时的倒装：表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词： 如：Here's Tom. 汤姆在这里。 &&&&&&& There's Jim. 吉姆在那儿。 &&&&&&& Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。&&&&&&&&&There goes the bell. 铃响了。 &&&&&&& There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。注：（1）以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说：Here is coming the bus.&&&&&&& &&&&&&& （2）若主语为代词，则不倒装：如：Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。 &&&&&&& Here it comes.它来了。&&&&&&& （3）其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词（表示存在）： 如：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 &&&&&&& Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。 2、away和down等位于句首时的倒装：地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词： 如：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。 &&&&&&& Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。 &&&&&&& The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。 &&&&&&& Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装： 如：Away he went. 他跑远了。 &&&&&&& Down it came. 它掉了下来。 3、某些状语或表语位于句首时的倒装：为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装： 如：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。&&&&&&& By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。注：在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。 &&&&&&&&&&& In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。 4、现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首的倒装：有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装： 如：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 &&&&&&& Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。 &&&&&&& To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。部分倒装的概念：
倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和助动词倒置叫部分倒装。部分倒装：1、含有否定意义的副词位于句首时的倒装：在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装： 如：I shall never forgive him./ Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。 &&&&&&& He seldom goes out for dinner./Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。 &&&&&&& She hardly has time to listen to music./Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他几乎没时间听音乐。 &&&&&&& He little realize show important this meetingis./Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。&&& &&&&&&& We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off./No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。注：(1)对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序： 如：He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 &&&&&&& (2)某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装： 如：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 &&&&&&& In[Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序： 如：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2、“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装：当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序： 如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 &&&&&&& Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 &&&&&&& Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。3、“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时的倒装：副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装： 如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 &&&&&&& So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。 &&&&&&& So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 4、“So+助动词+主语”倒装：当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构： 如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 &&&&&&& She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 &&&&&&& If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。注：(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor： 如：You aren't young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。 &&&&&&& She hasn't read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。 &&&&&&& (2)注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别： 如："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”&&&&&& &"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."“爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。” 5、由not only…but also引出的倒装：当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only后的句子通常用部分倒装形式： 如：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。 &&&&&&& Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。 6、虚拟条件句省略if后构成的倒装：当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句： 如：Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him. 若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。 &&&&&&& Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。 &&&&&&& Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。注：省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词： 如：Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。 省略句的概念：
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。简单句中的省略：
1、省略主语： 1）祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如：(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。 2）其它省略主语多限于现成的说法。如：（I）Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。&&&&&&&& （It）Doesn't matter. 没关系。 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分：如：（There is）No smoking. 禁止抽烟 &&&&&&& （Is there）anything else? 还有其他事吗？ &&&&&&& （You come）This way please. 请这边走。 &&&&&&& （Will you）Have a smoke? 抽烟吗？ 3、省略宾语：如：—Do you know Mr. Li? 你认识李先生吗？&&&&&&& —I don't know (him.) 我不认识他 4、省略表语：如：—Are you thirsty? 你30岁了吗？　&&&&&&& —Yes, I am (thirsty). 是的，我是。 5、同时省略几个成分：如：—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗？&&&&&&& —(I am feeling) Much better (now) 好多了。 &&&&&& (I wish)Good luck(to you). 祝你好运/祝你顺利。省略句在复合句中的应用：
一、并列复合句中的省略：并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.&&&&&&&& 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 &&&&&&& Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry. 你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 &&&&&&& Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been) doing her homework. &&&&&&& 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 &&&&&&& Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born) in 1963. 高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。 二、主从复合句中的省略： 1、状语从句中的省略：一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：1）由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句；2）由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句；3）由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；4）由as,than等引导的比较状语从句；5）由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则： 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：连词（as,as if, once）+名词；连词（though, whether, when）+形容词；连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语；连词(when, while, though)+现在分词；连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词；连词(as if,as though)+不定式。如：Once(he was) a worker, Pang Long now becomes a famous singer. &&&&&&& 庞龙曾经是个工人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。& &&&&&&& Work hard when(you are) young, or you'll regret. 趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。&&&&&&&&&He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something. 他到处看似乎在找什么东西。&注意： ①当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略。如：Her father told her to be careful when(she was) crossing the street. 当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。 ②当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if, unless, when, whenever）+形容词的结构。如：Unless(it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。 2、定语从句中的省略：1）一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略；如：Is this reason(that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗？而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which, whom不可以省略。比较：Tom(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)&& 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。 &&&&&&&&&&& Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了，你昨天见到他了。 2）在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词when, where,和why经常用that来代替，甚至还可省略。如：This is the first time(when/that) he had trouble with the boss. 这是他第一次麻烦老板。 &&&&&&& He wants to find a good place(where/that) we can have a picnic during the"golden week"holiday. 他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。 &&&&&&& Could you tell us the reason(why/that) he&was so unhappy? 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗？ 3）当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。如：I don't like the way(that/in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。 3、宾语从句中的省略：1）在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。如：I think(that) the reform of the renminbi's exchangerate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。 &&&&&& He said(that) the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order. 他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过，而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。 2）由which, when, where, how, 和why引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。如：I know that NBA star YaoMing will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city). 我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。 &&&&&& He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad) 他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。 4、在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可以省略：如：Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should) last long in various forms. 法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。 5、主句省略多用于句首：如：(It is a) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday. 很遗憾，我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。 6、在答语中，主句可全部省略。如：—Why were you absent from school last Friday?&&&&&&& —(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.&&&&&&& —上周五你为什么没有上学？&&&&&&& —因为我妈妈病了。 动词不定式省略：
1、保留to的场合： （1）不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。如：—You should have thanked her before you left.&&&&&&& —I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.&&& &&&&&&& —你本该在离开前谢谢她。&&&&&&& —我本打算这么做，但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。&&&&&& You can do it this way if you like to. 如果你想做，你可以这么做。 （2）不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，这些动词常见的有：ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车，但他母亲不让。&&&&&&& She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to(come).　她想来，可是她父母不让。 （3）不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见的形容词有：happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。如：—I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?　&&&&&&& —Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat).　&&&&&&& —我要出差，你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗？&&&&&&& —没关系，我很愿意。 （4）不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。如：He doesn't like fish but he used to. 他现在不喜欢吃鱼，但过去喜欢。 2、省略to的场合： （1）主语部分有to do，系动词is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省去to。&&&&&&&&& 如：The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。 （2）作介词but, expect, besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to。&&&&&&&&& 如：He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-"independence"timetable. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外，什么也没有做。 （3）主语部分暗含todo，表语中的不定式通常省去to。&&&&&&&&& 如：All I want(to do) is go to school and study hard. 我想要（做）的就是上学，努力学习。（4）当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。&&&&&&&&& 如：It is easier to say than to do. 说起来容易，做起来难。 （5）在would rather...than...等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略。&&&&&&&&& 如：I would rather stay at home than go to see a film. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。 （6）在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to；why(not)do结构中，不定式不带to。&&&&&&&&& 如：I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间。　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢？
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＞＞＞It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ______ that I just wa..
It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ______ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.&&A． ratherB． soC． asD． than
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ______ that I just wa..”主要考查你对&&状语从句，限制性定语从句，主语从句，同位语从句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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状语从句限制性定语从句主语从句同位语从句
状语从句的概念：
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。比较while/as/when：1、as/when引导短暂性动作的动词例句：如：Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2、当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3、从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when或while。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse. 比较untill/till： 两个连词意义相同,肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”，动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句例句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。注意：在肯定句中可用before代替：Let's get in the wheat before the sunsets. 否定句例句：She didn't arrive until 6o'clock.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 1、Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例句：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 2、Untilwhen疑问句中，until要放在句首。例句：Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 1）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。例句：Not until the early years of the19th century did man know what heat is. 2）It is not until…that… 状语从句的用种类：
1、时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till(until), since, once, as soon as(或the moment), by the time, no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely)… when, everytime等引导。 　　e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. 　　&&&&&& He started as soon as he received the news. 　　&&&&&& Once you see him, you will never forget him. 　　&&&&&& No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep. 　　2、原因状语从句：原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as, nowthat（既然）等，for表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。 　　e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position. 　　&&&&&&As it is raining, I will not go out. 　　&&&&& Now that you mention it, I do remember. 　　3、地点状语从句： 　　引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。 　　e.g. Sit wherever you like. 　　&&&&&&Make a mark where you have a question. 　　4、目的状语从句： 　　引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。 　　e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. 　　&&&&&&She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. 　　&&&&& He left early in case he should miss the train. 　　5、结果状语从句： 　　结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that（从句谓语一般没有情态动词）,so…that, such…that等引导。 　　e.g. She was ill, so that she didn't attend the meeting. 　　&&&&&&He was so excited that he could not say a word. 　　&&&&& She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 　　6、条件状语从句： 　　条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so(as)long as, on condition that, so(as) far as, if only(=if)。注意：条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。 　　e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. 　　&&&&& You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. 　　&&&&&&So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months. 　　&&&&& You can go swimming on condition that(=if) you don't go too far away from the river bank. 　　&&&&&&If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 　7、让步状语从句： 　　让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if(though), however, whatever, whether…or, no matter who(when, what,…)等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。 　　e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 　　&&&&& Child a she is, he knows a lot. 　　&&&&& Whatever(=No matter what) you say, I'll never change my mind. 　　8、方式状语从句： 　　方式状语从句常由as, as if(though), the way, rather than等引导。 　　e.g.You must do the exercise as I show you. 　　&&&&& He acted as if nothing had happened. 　　9、比较状语从句： 　　比较状语从句常用than, so(as)…as, the more…the more等引导。 　　e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. 　　&&&&& He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. 　　&&&&& The busier he is, the happier he feels.使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题：　　
1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。　　e.g. We'll go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 　　&&&&&& I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 　　2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。　　e.g. When(hewas) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. 　　&&&&&& If(you are) asked you may come in. 　　&&&&&& If(it is) necessary I'll explain to you again. 　　3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。　　e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）　　&&&&&& Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）　　&&&&&& I don't know where he came from.（宾语从句）　　&&&&& Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）　　&&&&&& This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）注意：表示“一…就…”的结构 hardly/scarcely…when/before/no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示“一…就…”的意思。例句：I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. &&&&&&&&&&& I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. &&&&&&&&&& As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly/scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：例句：Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. &&&&&&&&&&& No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.限制性定语从句的概念：
限制性定语是指对被修饰名词或代词的必需修饰，是被修饰名词或代词不可缺少的修饰语，如果去掉它句子意思往往会不明确或会发生变化。如：The travellers knowing about the floods took another road. 知道发大水的那些游客改道走了。&&&&&&& The boys wanting to play football were disappointed when it rained. 想踢足球的那些男孩子因为下雨而感到失望。关系代词引导的定语从句：
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： 例：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）&&&&&&&&&&&&&He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2)Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）例：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。&& &&&&&&& Please pass me the book whose(of which) coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语） &&&&&&&&&&& The package(which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句：关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when(on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 &&&&&&&&&&& Beijing is the place where(inwhich) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 &&&&&&&&&&& Is this the reason why(for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year(that/when/in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 &&&&&&&&&&& He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 限定性定语与非限定性定语的区别：
1、形式不同：限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 2、功能不同：&限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整： 如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) &&&&&&& His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 3、翻译不同：在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开： 如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 &&&&&&& I've invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 4、含义不同： 如：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) &&&&&&& I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5、先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句： 如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) &&&&&&& He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) &&&&&&& Mr.Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)&& &&&&&&& Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 6、关系词不同：关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。 判断关系代词与关系副词方法：
一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. &&&&&&&&&&& I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village(which) I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days(which) I spent in the countryside. 注：习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? &&&&&&& A. where&&&&&&&& B. that &&&&&& &C. on which &&&&&&& D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.&&&&&&&&& A. where&&&&&&&&&B. that &&&&&&& C.on which &&&&&&& D. the one 答案：例1：D，例2：A 例1变为肯定句：This museum is___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 注：在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。 定语从句知识体系：
&关系代词that的用法：
1）不用that的情况： a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。 如：（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b)介词后不能用： 如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. &&&&&&& We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在there be句型中，只用that，不用which。 b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e)先行词既有人，又有物时。例：All that is needed is a supply of oil. &所需的只是供油问题。&& &&&&&&& Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 主语从句的概念：
如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，whichwhatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用。主语从句用法：
1、主语从句的引导词：主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 如：That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。 &&&&&&& When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 &&&&&&& What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 &&&&&&& What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 &&&&&&& Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 2、主语从句与形式主语it：有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况： (1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句： 如：It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。 (2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句： 如：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。&&&&&&&&&&It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 (3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常不用形式主语，总是主语从句放在句首： 如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 &&&&&&& What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 (4)如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构： 如：Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？ &&&&&&& How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？3、连词that的省略问题：引导主语从句的连词that有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that则可以省略： 如：That you didn't go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省) &&&&&&& It was a pity(that) you didn't go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)主语从句应注意的几个问题：
1、that引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，但在下列情况下that从句不可提前。（1）在It is said/reported...that结构中： 如：It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday. （2）在Ithappened/occurred...结构中：Ithappenedthattheteacherwasnotintheofficethatday. （3）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时：如：Is it ture that you will give up the job? 2、下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。在It doesn't matter+what/whatever…结构中。 如：It doesn't matter what you say. 3、由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但是，在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对取决于其成分的含义。 如：What we need is more time. &&&&&&& What were left behind were five empty bottles. 同位语从句的概念：
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。 同位语从句的用法：
1、同位语从句的引导：词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等： 如：We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。&&& &&&&&&& They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。&&&&&&&&&I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 &&&&&&& There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。&&&&&&&&&The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。注：whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 2、同位语从句与定语从句的区别： （1）意义的不同：&同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： 如：We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句) &&&&&&& We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)（2）引导词的不同：&&&&&&&&& what, how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 （3）引导词的功能上的不同：&&&&&&&&& that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 （4）被修饰词语的区别：&&&&&&&&& 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词thereason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： 如：I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句) &&&&&&& I'll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句) &&&&&&& We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)&&&&&& &There a son why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)同位语从句用法解析：
一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质：　　在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion, word, possibility等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the game说明the news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句：1、如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）　例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。　析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2、如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be held on time 意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3、如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。　例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 　析：he will be back 意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。　例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 析：he went home 意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。 4、当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that may be the enemy had fled the city.
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