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2016闸北区初三语文一模试题word版(含答案,全网首发word版)
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3秒自动关闭窗口一篇我的确看不懂的文章(请各位高手帮我翻译一下)
一篇我的确看不懂的文章(请各位高手帮我翻译一下)
Whatever our differences as human beings are, we all think we're more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 per cent of our genetic (遗传的) structure with the simple worm.
　　But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome (染色体组).
　　To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode (线虫类的) worm is one of the earliest creatures on planet earth. It is less than one millimeter long, completely transparent and spends its entire life digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life, and what can be done to make it better.
　　What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow, develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.
　　Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead, this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.
60．Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has _______.
A．found that human beings are similar to the worn
B．got the fact we share 40 per cent of our genetic structure with the simple worm
C．found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human body
D．proved that cell death is programmed
61．People might be seriously ill if the cells in their body ________.
A．grow without being instructed
B．die regularly
C．fail to follow people's instructions
D．develop in the human body
62．The underlined word “they” (paragraph 5) refers to_______.
A．cell deaths　　　　　　　　　B．diseases
C．instructions　　　　　　　　 D．cells
63．What is the subject discussed in the text?
A．The theory of programmed cell deaths.
B．A great scientist—Sir John Sulston.
C．The programmed human life.
D．Dangerous diseases.
无论作为人我们有多么与众不同，我们都认为，我们比自己所了解到的与其他动物更相像。据说我们与简单的蠕虫有40%的相同遗传结构。
而这个事实帮助Sir John Sulston赢得了2002年诺贝尔医学奖。John是剑桥Sanger学院的创始人，该学院1992年建立，以求能深入了解人类基因组。
为了帮助他们做这项工作，他们将注意力转向蠕虫，线虫类蠕虫是地球上最早出现的生物之一。它长度小于1mm，完全透明，一生都在沙子里挖洞。但对于人类的生命，以及如何做的更好，它仍然有很多话要说。
蠕虫告诉John和他的同事的是，人体内每个细胞都想电脑一样被编了程序。他们生长，发育，然后死亡，依据的是我们基因结构里的一系列指令。
人类遭受的很多疾病都发生在这些指令出错或不遵循执行时。当细胞拒绝死亡而代之以持续生长，将导致癌症。心脏病发作和艾滋病类的疾病，导致比平时更多细胞死亡，增加了他们对机体的伤害。John是第一个证明细胞程序性死亡的科学家。
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